174. Kobayashi K, Ohtsu H, Wada T, Kato T, Tanaka K (2003) Characterization of a stable
ruthenium complex with an oxyl radical. J Am Chem Soc 125(22):6729–6739
175. Tsai MK, Rochford J, Polyansky DE, Wada T, Tanaka K, Fujita E, Muckerman JT (2009)
Characterization of redox states of Ru(OH(2))(Q)(tpy)(2+) (Q ¼ 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone, tpy ¼ 2,2
0 :6
0 ,2
00 -terpyridine) and related species through experimental and theoretical
studies. Inorg Chem 48(10):4372–4383
176. Wada T, Ohtsu H, Tanaka K (2012) Catalytic four-electron oxidation of water by intramolecular coupling of the oxo ligands of a bis(ruthenium-bipyridine) complex. Chem Eur J 18
(8):2374–2381
177. Wasylenko DJ, Ganesamoorthy C, Koivisto BD, Berlinguette CP (2010) Examination of water
oxidation by catalysts containing cofacial metal sites. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010(20):3135–3142
178. Betley TA, Wu Q, Van Voorhis T, Nocera DG (2008) Electronic design criteria for O-O bond
formation via metal-oxo complexes. Inorg Chem 47(6):1849–1861
179. Sens C, Romero I, Rodriguez M, Llobet A, Parella T, Benet-Buchholz J (2004) A new Ru
complex capable of catalytically oxidizing water to molecular dioxygen. J Am Chem Soc 126
(25):7798–7799
180. Roeser S, Ertem MZ, Cady C, Lomoth R, Benet-Buchholz J, Hammarstrom L, Sarkar B,
Kaim W, Cramer CJ, Llobet A (2012) Synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of RuN6
dinuclear Ru-Hbpp complexes. Inorg Chem 51(1):320–327
181. Romain S, Bozoglian F, Sala X, Llobet A (2009) Oxygen-oxygen bond formation by the
Ru-Hbpp water oxidation catalyst occurs solely via an intramolecular reaction pathway. J Am
Chem Soc 131(8):2768–2769
182. Bozoglian F, Romain S, Ertem MZ, Todorova TK, Sens C, Mola J, Rodriguez M, Romero I,
Benet-Buchholz J, Fontrodona X, Cramer CJ, Gagliardi L, Llobet A (2009) The Ru-Hbpp
water oxidation catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 131(42):15176–15187
183. Ellis CD, Gilbert JA, Murphy WR, Meyer TJ (1983) Electrocatalytic oxidation of chloride to
chlorine based on polypyridine complexes of ruthenium. J Am Chem Soc 105(14):4842–4843
184. Francas L, Sala X, Benet-Buchholz J, Escriche L, Llobet A (2009) A Ru-Hbpp-based wateroxidation catalyst anchored on rutile TiO2. ChemSusChem 2(4):321–329
185. Mola J, Mas-Marza E, Sala X, Romero I, Rodriguez M, Vinas C, Parella T, Llobet A (2008)
Ru-hbpp-based water-oxidation catalysts anchored on conducting solid supports. Angew
Chem Int Ed Engl 47(31):5830–5832
186. Aguiló J, Francàs L, Liu HJ, Bofill R, García-Antón J, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A,
Escriche L, Sala X (2014) Characterization and performance of electrostatically adsorbed
Ru–Hbpp water oxidation catalysts. Cat Sci Technol 4(1):190–199
187. Neudeck S, Maji S, Lopez I, Meyer S, Meyer F, Llobet A (2014) New powerful and
oxidatively rugged dinuclear Ru water oxidation catalyst: control of mechanistic pathways
by tailored ligand design. J Am Chem Soc 136(1):24–27
188. Francas L, Sala X, Escudero-Adan E, Benet-Buchholz J, Escriche L, Llobet A (2011)
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of new tetranuclear Ru-Hbpp-based water-oxidation catalysts. Inorg Chem 50(7):2771–2781
189. Zong R, Thummel RP (2005) A new family of Ru complexes for water oxidation. J Am Chem
Soc 127(37):12802–12803
190. Tseng HW, Zong R, Muckerman JT, Thummel R (2008) Mononuclear ruthenium
(II) complexes that catalyze water oxidation. Inorg Chem 47(24):11763–11773
191. Kaveevivitchai N, Kohler L, Zong R, El Ojaimi M, Mehta N, Thummel RP (2013) A Ru
(II) bis-terpyridine-like complex that catalyzes water oxidation: the influence of steric strain.
Inorg Chem 52(18):10615–10622
192. Concepcion JJ, Jurss JW, Templeton JL, Meyer TJ (2008) One site is enough. Catalytic water
oxidation by [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(OH2)]2+and [Ru(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)]2+. J Am Chem Soc 130
(49):16462–16463
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
445
ruthenium complex with an oxyl radical. J Am Chem Soc 125(22):6729–6739
175. Tsai MK, Rochford J, Polyansky DE, Wada T, Tanaka K, Fujita E, Muckerman JT (2009)
Characterization of redox states of Ru(OH(2))(Q)(tpy)(2+) (Q ¼ 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone, tpy ¼ 2,2
0 :6
0 ,2
00 -terpyridine) and related species through experimental and theoretical
studies. Inorg Chem 48(10):4372–4383
176. Wada T, Ohtsu H, Tanaka K (2012) Catalytic four-electron oxidation of water by intramolecular coupling of the oxo ligands of a bis(ruthenium-bipyridine) complex. Chem Eur J 18
(8):2374–2381
177. Wasylenko DJ, Ganesamoorthy C, Koivisto BD, Berlinguette CP (2010) Examination of water
oxidation by catalysts containing cofacial metal sites. Eur J Inorg Chem 2010(20):3135–3142
178. Betley TA, Wu Q, Van Voorhis T, Nocera DG (2008) Electronic design criteria for O-O bond
formation via metal-oxo complexes. Inorg Chem 47(6):1849–1861
179. Sens C, Romero I, Rodriguez M, Llobet A, Parella T, Benet-Buchholz J (2004) A new Ru
complex capable of catalytically oxidizing water to molecular dioxygen. J Am Chem Soc 126
(25):7798–7799
180. Roeser S, Ertem MZ, Cady C, Lomoth R, Benet-Buchholz J, Hammarstrom L, Sarkar B,
Kaim W, Cramer CJ, Llobet A (2012) Synthesis, structure, and electronic properties of RuN6
dinuclear Ru-Hbpp complexes. Inorg Chem 51(1):320–327
181. Romain S, Bozoglian F, Sala X, Llobet A (2009) Oxygen-oxygen bond formation by the
Ru-Hbpp water oxidation catalyst occurs solely via an intramolecular reaction pathway. J Am
Chem Soc 131(8):2768–2769
182. Bozoglian F, Romain S, Ertem MZ, Todorova TK, Sens C, Mola J, Rodriguez M, Romero I,
Benet-Buchholz J, Fontrodona X, Cramer CJ, Gagliardi L, Llobet A (2009) The Ru-Hbpp
water oxidation catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 131(42):15176–15187
183. Ellis CD, Gilbert JA, Murphy WR, Meyer TJ (1983) Electrocatalytic oxidation of chloride to
chlorine based on polypyridine complexes of ruthenium. J Am Chem Soc 105(14):4842–4843
184. Francas L, Sala X, Benet-Buchholz J, Escriche L, Llobet A (2009) A Ru-Hbpp-based wateroxidation catalyst anchored on rutile TiO2. ChemSusChem 2(4):321–329
185. Mola J, Mas-Marza E, Sala X, Romero I, Rodriguez M, Vinas C, Parella T, Llobet A (2008)
Ru-hbpp-based water-oxidation catalysts anchored on conducting solid supports. Angew
Chem Int Ed Engl 47(31):5830–5832
186. Aguiló J, Francàs L, Liu HJ, Bofill R, García-Antón J, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A,
Escriche L, Sala X (2014) Characterization and performance of electrostatically adsorbed
Ru–Hbpp water oxidation catalysts. Cat Sci Technol 4(1):190–199
187. Neudeck S, Maji S, Lopez I, Meyer S, Meyer F, Llobet A (2014) New powerful and
oxidatively rugged dinuclear Ru water oxidation catalyst: control of mechanistic pathways
by tailored ligand design. J Am Chem Soc 136(1):24–27
188. Francas L, Sala X, Escudero-Adan E, Benet-Buchholz J, Escriche L, Llobet A (2011)
Synthesis, structure, and reactivity of new tetranuclear Ru-Hbpp-based water-oxidation catalysts. Inorg Chem 50(7):2771–2781
189. Zong R, Thummel RP (2005) A new family of Ru complexes for water oxidation. J Am Chem
Soc 127(37):12802–12803
190. Tseng HW, Zong R, Muckerman JT, Thummel R (2008) Mononuclear ruthenium
(II) complexes that catalyze water oxidation. Inorg Chem 47(24):11763–11773
191. Kaveevivitchai N, Kohler L, Zong R, El Ojaimi M, Mehta N, Thummel RP (2013) A Ru
(II) bis-terpyridine-like complex that catalyzes water oxidation: the influence of steric strain.
Inorg Chem 52(18):10615–10622
192. Concepcion JJ, Jurss JW, Templeton JL, Meyer TJ (2008) One site is enough. Catalytic water
oxidation by [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(OH2)]2+and [Ru(tpy)(bpz)(OH2)]2+. J Am Chem Soc 130
(49):16462–16463
The Application of Pincer Ligand in Catalytic Water Splitting
445