1.5 On PMI Studies for a Fusion Reactor
15
which increment is depending on cooling power, and influences hydrogen recycling.
In addition, some impurities like C and O always exist in plasma and sometimes
largely contribute to PMI. In particular, radiation from impurities in plasma exceed
radiation from fells and often disturbs power balance.
Studies of fuel recycling between plasma and PMI are not enough. Fuel recycling,
i.e. throughput, exhaust, in vessel retention, breeding and recovering in blanket, and
refuelling, is one of the keys of a fusion reactor. For T safety and fuel self-sufficiency,
fuel balance among throughput, exhaust, and retention in reactor vessel should be
precisely measured. Nevertheless, the balance has not been considered seriously in
the present tokamaks. Fuel retention in the reactor vessel involves not only retention
in PFM but also those in deposits at non-plasma-facing surface and remote area
resulting from PMI. Therefore, in this book, fuel retention is explained in a little
detail.
Although various simulation techniques are advancing and used for understanding
PMI including fuel recycling, such complex PMI processes, i.e. particle transport
accompanying energy or power changes, are quite hard to simulate with conventional
methods except particle simulations. At present, full particle simulation including
all PMI processes is not possible. Still experimental works are quite important with
the consideration that particle transport always accompanies energy or power transport. Hopefully, this book encourages readers to perform PMI studies necessary to
establish a fusion reactor as an energy source.
References
1. S. Stuart, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Plasma Wall Interaction. Pergamon
(1977). eBook ISBN: 9781483136202
2. K. Kaminsky, Radiation effects on Solid surfaces, Ed. M. Kaminsky, American Chemical Soc.,
Washington (1976). ISBN: 0-8412-0331-8
3. P.D. Townsend, J.C. Kelly, N.E.W. Hartley, Ion Implantation, Sputtering and their Applications.
Academic Press (1976). ISBN:0-12-696950-7
4. R. Behrisch, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment I, Physical Sputtering of Single-Element
Solids. Springer (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-10521-2
5. R. Behrisch, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II, Sputtering of Alloys and Compounds,
Electron and Neutron Sputtering, Surface Topography. Springer (1983). https://doi.org/10.
1007/3-540-12593-0
6. R. Behrisch, K. Wittmaack, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment III, Characteristics of Sputtered Particles, Technical Applications. Springer (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-534
28-8
7. R.K. Janef, H.W. Drawin, Atomic and plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Controlled
Thermonuclear Fusion, Ed. Elsevier (1993). ISBN: 0-444-81630-5
8. W.O. Hofer, J. Roth, Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids.
Academic Press (1996). ISBN: 0-12-351530-0
9. M. Nastasi, N. Michael, J Mayer, et al., Ion-Solid Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications.
Cambridge University Press (1996). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511565007
10. D. Naujoks, Plasma-Materials Interactions in Controlled Fusion, Springer Series on Atomic,
Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol. 39 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2006)
15
which increment is depending on cooling power, and influences hydrogen recycling.
In addition, some impurities like C and O always exist in plasma and sometimes
largely contribute to PMI. In particular, radiation from impurities in plasma exceed
radiation from fells and often disturbs power balance.
Studies of fuel recycling between plasma and PMI are not enough. Fuel recycling,
i.e. throughput, exhaust, in vessel retention, breeding and recovering in blanket, and
refuelling, is one of the keys of a fusion reactor. For T safety and fuel self-sufficiency,
fuel balance among throughput, exhaust, and retention in reactor vessel should be
precisely measured. Nevertheless, the balance has not been considered seriously in
the present tokamaks. Fuel retention in the reactor vessel involves not only retention
in PFM but also those in deposits at non-plasma-facing surface and remote area
resulting from PMI. Therefore, in this book, fuel retention is explained in a little
detail.
Although various simulation techniques are advancing and used for understanding
PMI including fuel recycling, such complex PMI processes, i.e. particle transport
accompanying energy or power changes, are quite hard to simulate with conventional
methods except particle simulations. At present, full particle simulation including
all PMI processes is not possible. Still experimental works are quite important with
the consideration that particle transport always accompanies energy or power transport. Hopefully, this book encourages readers to perform PMI studies necessary to
establish a fusion reactor as an energy source.
References
1. S. Stuart, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Plasma Wall Interaction. Pergamon
(1977). eBook ISBN: 9781483136202
2. K. Kaminsky, Radiation effects on Solid surfaces, Ed. M. Kaminsky, American Chemical Soc.,
Washington (1976). ISBN: 0-8412-0331-8
3. P.D. Townsend, J.C. Kelly, N.E.W. Hartley, Ion Implantation, Sputtering and their Applications.
Academic Press (1976). ISBN:0-12-696950-7
4. R. Behrisch, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment I, Physical Sputtering of Single-Element
Solids. Springer (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-10521-2
5. R. Behrisch, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment II, Sputtering of Alloys and Compounds,
Electron and Neutron Sputtering, Surface Topography. Springer (1983). https://doi.org/10.
1007/3-540-12593-0
6. R. Behrisch, K. Wittmaack, Sputtering by Particle Bombardment III, Characteristics of Sputtered Particles, Technical Applications. Springer (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-534
28-8
7. R.K. Janef, H.W. Drawin, Atomic and plasma-Material Interaction Processes in Controlled
Thermonuclear Fusion, Ed. Elsevier (1993). ISBN: 0-444-81630-5
8. W.O. Hofer, J. Roth, Physical Processes of the Interaction of Fusion Plasmas with Solids.
Academic Press (1996). ISBN: 0-12-351530-0
9. M. Nastasi, N. Michael, J Mayer, et al., Ion-Solid Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications.
Cambridge University Press (1996). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511565007
10. D. Naujoks, Plasma-Materials Interactions in Controlled Fusion, Springer Series on Atomic,
Optical, and Plasma Physics, vol. 39 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2006)