Purchased 99.9% pure CO 2 was injected in the supercritical state at the maximum
rate of 40 t/d. As of June 27, 2004, the cumulative amount of injected CO 2 was 5
893 t, with a total amount of 10 000 t CO2 planned to be injected. The termination of
the project was scheduled as 2005.
The Crick Bell Field. For the Bell Creek large-scale project, the PCOR Partnership is working with Denbury Onshore LLC to develop a robust, practical, and
targeted monitoring verification, and accounting (MVA), risk management, and
simulation project associated with commercial scale injection of CO 2 for the purpose of simultaneous CO 2 storage and CO 2 EOR. The PCOR Partnership region,
which covers over 1.4 million square miles, emits approximately 510 million metric
tons of CO 2 yearly from large stationary sources in the region. Overall, based on the
current geological formations characterized, the PCOR Partnership region has the
storage resource of 417 billion metric tons of CO 2 in saline formations, 2.9 billion
metric tons in depleted oil fields, and 7.3 billion metric tons in unmineable coal
seams, which is over four times the anticipated regional emissions over the next
100 years: assuming a static emission profile CCS has been considered as “the
solution to CO 2 reduction” for its large capacity. After more than 20 years of
investment (public and private), still many questions remain open and a lot of
research is necessary in order to assess the real potential of CCS. The technology is
“site specific”: sites are not available everywhere within a reasonable distance to
minimize energetic costs. Several countries do not accept such technology. Energy
penalty varies with the distance and nature of the disposal site. Despite its great
potential, the effective implementation is scarce: efforts are still going on.
One of the drawbacks is that CCS is not remunerative, it is a net cost: energetic
(expanded fossil-C extraction) and economic. Only EOR is an economically convenient application.
6.6 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Produces an Economic
Advantage
CO 2 -EOR is not new. It was pioneered in the Permian Basin in West Texas in 1972,
and the CO 2 for the first projects came from natural gas processing facilities.
Afterward, natural CO 2 , extracted from the ground, was used. CO 2 -enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) is considered to have the potential to significantly expand domestic
oil supplies, increase job growth, and protect the environment. The CO 2 -EOR
technology has been used successfully in a number of oil plays (notably in West
Texas, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan). The main components of EOR include the
following:
(a) transportation of CO 2 to a mature oil field;
(b) injection of pressurized CO 2 into the field; and
(c) extraction of oil and separation from CO 2 .
6.5 Disposal of CO 2
83
rate of 40 t/d. As of June 27, 2004, the cumulative amount of injected CO 2 was 5
893 t, with a total amount of 10 000 t CO2 planned to be injected. The termination of
the project was scheduled as 2005.
The Crick Bell Field. For the Bell Creek large-scale project, the PCOR Partnership is working with Denbury Onshore LLC to develop a robust, practical, and
targeted monitoring verification, and accounting (MVA), risk management, and
simulation project associated with commercial scale injection of CO 2 for the purpose of simultaneous CO 2 storage and CO 2 EOR. The PCOR Partnership region,
which covers over 1.4 million square miles, emits approximately 510 million metric
tons of CO 2 yearly from large stationary sources in the region. Overall, based on the
current geological formations characterized, the PCOR Partnership region has the
storage resource of 417 billion metric tons of CO 2 in saline formations, 2.9 billion
metric tons in depleted oil fields, and 7.3 billion metric tons in unmineable coal
seams, which is over four times the anticipated regional emissions over the next
100 years: assuming a static emission profile CCS has been considered as “the
solution to CO 2 reduction” for its large capacity. After more than 20 years of
investment (public and private), still many questions remain open and a lot of
research is necessary in order to assess the real potential of CCS. The technology is
“site specific”: sites are not available everywhere within a reasonable distance to
minimize energetic costs. Several countries do not accept such technology. Energy
penalty varies with the distance and nature of the disposal site. Despite its great
potential, the effective implementation is scarce: efforts are still going on.
One of the drawbacks is that CCS is not remunerative, it is a net cost: energetic
(expanded fossil-C extraction) and economic. Only EOR is an economically convenient application.
6.6 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Produces an Economic
Advantage
CO 2 -EOR is not new. It was pioneered in the Permian Basin in West Texas in 1972,
and the CO 2 for the first projects came from natural gas processing facilities.
Afterward, natural CO 2 , extracted from the ground, was used. CO 2 -enhanced oil
recovery (EOR) is considered to have the potential to significantly expand domestic
oil supplies, increase job growth, and protect the environment. The CO 2 -EOR
technology has been used successfully in a number of oil plays (notably in West
Texas, Wyoming, and Saskatchewan). The main components of EOR include the
following:
(a) transportation of CO 2 to a mature oil field;
(b) injection of pressurized CO 2 into the field; and
(c) extraction of oil and separation from CO 2 .
6.5 Disposal of CO 2
83