E
Electrophile
A species that has a Lewis acid character and “likes”
electrons. It reacts with electron-rich species.
End-on coordination Co-ordination of a molecule to a metal center through a
terminal atom, for example through the O-atom of CO 2 (M
< O=C=O).
Eta1-coordination
Coordination of a species through a single, non-terminal
atom to a metal center. For example, co-ordination of CO 2
through the only C-atom to a donor.
Electronegativity
The property of a nucleus of attracting electrons, including
the bonding electron-pairs.
End of pipe
An operation that occurs at the terminal stage of a process.
Energetic balance
The balance of energy transferred to and released from a
reactive process, even very complex and multi-step.
Enthalpy
The thermodynamic property that represents the amount of
heat released or up-taken by a reactive process at constant
pressure (e.g., occurring in a vessel in contact with the
atmosphere). In the former case, the process is said
exothermic, in the latter endothermic. Enthalpy symbol is H.
Entropy
The thermodynamic property that indicates the amount of
thermal energy of a system that cannot be transformed into
useful work. Entropy is also said to represent the
randomness or disorder of a system.
EOR
Enhanced Oil Recovery is a technology that allows the
recovery of oil from rocks through the injection of water
vapor or of supercritical CO 2 .
Epoxides
A chemical compound in which one O-atom is linked to
two adjacent, bonded C-atoms.
Equilibrium
The state of a chemical reaction represented by equal rate
of the forward and back reaction. In such conditions, the
macroscopic concentration of the species does not change
with time, while the microscopic concentration grows and
decreases by the same amount.
EUCheMS
The European Association of National Chemical Societies
that promotes the growth and dissemination of Chemical
and Materials Science.
F
Fisher-Tropsch The FT process was developed in Germany by Franz Fischer
and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr, around 1925. It consists of a
252
Appendix I
Electrophile
A species that has a Lewis acid character and “likes”
electrons. It reacts with electron-rich species.
End-on coordination Co-ordination of a molecule to a metal center through a
terminal atom, for example through the O-atom of CO 2 (M
< O=C=O).
Eta1-coordination
Coordination of a species through a single, non-terminal
atom to a metal center. For example, co-ordination of CO 2
through the only C-atom to a donor.
Electronegativity
The property of a nucleus of attracting electrons, including
the bonding electron-pairs.
End of pipe
An operation that occurs at the terminal stage of a process.
Energetic balance
The balance of energy transferred to and released from a
reactive process, even very complex and multi-step.
Enthalpy
The thermodynamic property that represents the amount of
heat released or up-taken by a reactive process at constant
pressure (e.g., occurring in a vessel in contact with the
atmosphere). In the former case, the process is said
exothermic, in the latter endothermic. Enthalpy symbol is H.
Entropy
The thermodynamic property that indicates the amount of
thermal energy of a system that cannot be transformed into
useful work. Entropy is also said to represent the
randomness or disorder of a system.
EOR
Enhanced Oil Recovery is a technology that allows the
recovery of oil from rocks through the injection of water
vapor or of supercritical CO 2 .
Epoxides
A chemical compound in which one O-atom is linked to
two adjacent, bonded C-atoms.
Equilibrium
The state of a chemical reaction represented by equal rate
of the forward and back reaction. In such conditions, the
macroscopic concentration of the species does not change
with time, while the microscopic concentration grows and
decreases by the same amount.
EUCheMS
The European Association of National Chemical Societies
that promotes the growth and dissemination of Chemical
and Materials Science.
F
Fisher-Tropsch The FT process was developed in Germany by Franz Fischer
and Hans Tropsch at the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Kohlenforschung in Mülheim an der Ruhr, around 1925. It consists of a
252
Appendix I