Clustering of processes Building of a variety of interconnected chemical
processes in the same site for the optimization of
energy and use of resources and minimization of waste.
Coking
Generation of finely divided coke on a catalyst, that
causes deactivation.
Conductor
A metal that can conduct electricity: best conductor is
silver.
Coordination
The covalent bonding to a metal center of ions (atomic
and molecular) or neutral molecules.
CO 2 penalty
The ratio of CO 2 produced to CO 2 fixed in a chemical
process. Higher is the value, higher is the penalty.
Covalent bond
A interatomic bond formed by sharing one or more (up
to four) electron pairs.
Critical point
A point identified by a value of temperature and
pressure above which a gas cannot be liquefied by
compression.
Crown-ether
A cyclic ether formed by alternating (–CHR–) n units (n
= 1, 2, 3) and O atoms.
Cumulene
A species that presents two double bonds on the same
C-atom, linked to two C-atoms. H 2 C=C=CH 2 , allene, is
a cumulene.
Cycle
Turn-around of a species among different physical states
(cycle of liquid–solid–vapor water) or a variety of
compounds (N 2 –NO x –NH 3 ) maintaining an overall
equilibrium state.
D
DAC
Direct Air Capture, capture of CO 2 from air where it is present at
low concentration (410
+
ppm).
Dam
A barrier (usually made of cement, in old days of wood or
bricks) constructed to hold back water and raise its level,
forming a reserve for either generate electricity or to be used as a
water supply.
DMC
Dimethyl carbonate, (CH 3 O) 2 CO a chemical that finds application in several fields as reagent, solvent or monomer for
polymers. DMC is also used as octane number improver.
DME
Dimethyl ether, (CH 3 ) 2 O formed by dehydration of two
molecules of methanol, CH 3 OH. DME finds use as a substitute
of diesel.
Donor
A species that has an electron pair of suitable energy to be used
in the formation of a bond with an acceptor.
Dry-Reforming High-temperature conversion of methane into Syngas by reaction with CO 2 more than with water (wet-reforming).
Appendix I
251
processes in the same site for the optimization of
energy and use of resources and minimization of waste.
Coking
Generation of finely divided coke on a catalyst, that
causes deactivation.
Conductor
A metal that can conduct electricity: best conductor is
silver.
Coordination
The covalent bonding to a metal center of ions (atomic
and molecular) or neutral molecules.
CO 2 penalty
The ratio of CO 2 produced to CO 2 fixed in a chemical
process. Higher is the value, higher is the penalty.
Covalent bond
A interatomic bond formed by sharing one or more (up
to four) electron pairs.
Critical point
A point identified by a value of temperature and
pressure above which a gas cannot be liquefied by
compression.
Crown-ether
A cyclic ether formed by alternating (–CHR–) n units (n
= 1, 2, 3) and O atoms.
Cumulene
A species that presents two double bonds on the same
C-atom, linked to two C-atoms. H 2 C=C=CH 2 , allene, is
a cumulene.
Cycle
Turn-around of a species among different physical states
(cycle of liquid–solid–vapor water) or a variety of
compounds (N 2 –NO x –NH 3 ) maintaining an overall
equilibrium state.
D
DAC
Direct Air Capture, capture of CO 2 from air where it is present at
low concentration (410
+
ppm).
Dam
A barrier (usually made of cement, in old days of wood or
bricks) constructed to hold back water and raise its level,
forming a reserve for either generate electricity or to be used as a
water supply.
DMC
Dimethyl carbonate, (CH 3 O) 2 CO a chemical that finds application in several fields as reagent, solvent or monomer for
polymers. DMC is also used as octane number improver.
DME
Dimethyl ether, (CH 3 ) 2 O formed by dehydration of two
molecules of methanol, CH 3 OH. DME finds use as a substitute
of diesel.
Donor
A species that has an electron pair of suitable energy to be used
in the formation of a bond with an acceptor.
Dry-Reforming High-temperature conversion of methane into Syngas by reaction with CO 2 more than with water (wet-reforming).
Appendix I
251