41 Techno-economic Analysis on Renewable Energy via Hydrogen …
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expansion of pumping hydro is limited by geographical conditions as pumping facilities can only be built on a large scale, their physical distance is typically to some
extent away from other renewable energy sources unable to contribute to the power
adjustment. Furthermore, when pumping hydro adjustment reaches its limit (left side
of Fig. 41.3) surplus power disenables to adjust conventional power.
Our investigations in how to utilize this surplus power, focusing on distributed
energy including hydrogen fuel cells as a solution.
41.4 Micro Perspective
41.4.1 Methodology
From the micro side, we used a P2G cost evaluation model, developed by Okubo et al.
(Okubo et al. 2018), in a distributed energy system using PVs and hydrogen technology (the technology system hereafter). The model uses measured power demand
and generation data from our Institute campus, and assumes an introduction year
of 2030 for P2G technology, using ECs, FCs, and PV-sourced surplus power. The
model also assumes a significant PV usage by 2030, backed by expected technical
progress by that year.
Power market prices is important to apply this model in the real world. To this end,
Apurba Sakti et al. conducted a techno-economic analysis on enhanced representations of lithium-ion batteries in power systems models and their effect on the valuation
of energy arbitrage applications (Sakti et al. 2017). However, no research considers
the power market in Japan using hydrogen energy storage technologies. Thus, we
built an electricity selling model incorporating hydrogen energy and analyzed the
operation of the technology system by using the volatile power price parametrically.
Caveating that in this setting, we excluded either specific and non-existing schemes
for supporting renewable powers nor extra crediting and funding mechanisms.
Selling model
Figure 41.4 shows the technology system model. In the P2G model (developed by
Okubo et al. (Okubo et al. 2018), dark blue) PV, EC (including compressor), hydrogen
tank, and FC determine the technology system’s operation. If the amount of PV power
supply exceeds demand, hydrogen is produced by EC electrolyzing the surplus power
and stored in a high-pressure hydrogen tank. At this time, when the capacities of
the EC and the hydrogen tank are insufficient, output control of surplus power is
operated. If the PV power supply is less than the demand, the FC generates power
using hydrogen to meet the power demand. If there is a shortage of power generated
by the FC, then the system will purchase from grid power (Grid).
On the other hand, in the power selling model (developed by ours, in light
orange), the selling time of surplus power is set (cf. the next subsection). The model
assumes that whenever electricity can be sold, the technology system always sells
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expansion of pumping hydro is limited by geographical conditions as pumping facilities can only be built on a large scale, their physical distance is typically to some
extent away from other renewable energy sources unable to contribute to the power
adjustment. Furthermore, when pumping hydro adjustment reaches its limit (left side
of Fig. 41.3) surplus power disenables to adjust conventional power.
Our investigations in how to utilize this surplus power, focusing on distributed
energy including hydrogen fuel cells as a solution.
41.4 Micro Perspective
41.4.1 Methodology
From the micro side, we used a P2G cost evaluation model, developed by Okubo et al.
(Okubo et al. 2018), in a distributed energy system using PVs and hydrogen technology (the technology system hereafter). The model uses measured power demand
and generation data from our Institute campus, and assumes an introduction year
of 2030 for P2G technology, using ECs, FCs, and PV-sourced surplus power. The
model also assumes a significant PV usage by 2030, backed by expected technical
progress by that year.
Power market prices is important to apply this model in the real world. To this end,
Apurba Sakti et al. conducted a techno-economic analysis on enhanced representations of lithium-ion batteries in power systems models and their effect on the valuation
of energy arbitrage applications (Sakti et al. 2017). However, no research considers
the power market in Japan using hydrogen energy storage technologies. Thus, we
built an electricity selling model incorporating hydrogen energy and analyzed the
operation of the technology system by using the volatile power price parametrically.
Caveating that in this setting, we excluded either specific and non-existing schemes
for supporting renewable powers nor extra crediting and funding mechanisms.
Selling model
Figure 41.4 shows the technology system model. In the P2G model (developed by
Okubo et al. (Okubo et al. 2018), dark blue) PV, EC (including compressor), hydrogen
tank, and FC determine the technology system’s operation. If the amount of PV power
supply exceeds demand, hydrogen is produced by EC electrolyzing the surplus power
and stored in a high-pressure hydrogen tank. At this time, when the capacities of
the EC and the hydrogen tank are insufficient, output control of surplus power is
operated. If the PV power supply is less than the demand, the FC generates power
using hydrogen to meet the power demand. If there is a shortage of power generated
by the FC, then the system will purchase from grid power (Grid).
On the other hand, in the power selling model (developed by ours, in light
orange), the selling time of surplus power is set (cf. the next subsection). The model
assumes that whenever electricity can be sold, the technology system always sells