36 The Readiness Levels of Japan Supported Biomass Energy …
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Fig. 36.8 TRL of
Japan-supported biomass
energy technology
development projects in the
Philippines
0
2
4
6
8
Market
Development
Integration
Verification
Safety
Commercialization
Cost / Risk
Philippines
Biorefinery
BTG
Anaerobic Digestion
Pelletization
Carbonization
Gasification
Fig. 36.9 TRL of
Japan-supported biomass
energy technology
development projects in the
Malaysia
0
2
4
6
8
Market
Development
Integration
Verification
Safety
Commercialization
Cost / Risk
Malaysia
Biorefinery
BTG
Anaerobic Digestion
Pelletization
Carbonization
Gasification
Laos
There are only two projects in our database that are operating in Laos. One is an
anaerobic digestion project operating in Champasak (GEC 2015a) using organic
waste from tapioca factory as their feedstock. The other one is a direct combustion
project operating in Vang Vieng (GEC 2015b) using rice husk as the feedstock.
While both projects are already generating electricity and/or heat, they are not yet
fully commercialized yet (Fig. 36.11).