550
I. Ihara et al.
Fig. 36.7 TRL of
Japan-supported biomass
energy technology
development projects in
Myanmar
0
2
4
6
8
Market
Development
Integration
Verification
Safety
Commercialization
Cost / Risk
Myanmar
Biorefinery
BTG
Anaerobic Digestion
Pelletization
Carbonization
Gasification
carbonization projects are found in Ayeyarwady region where many rice mills are in
operation in the rice plantation area.
While commercialization parameter is similar with projects in the previous countries as one of the weakest parameters, verification is also weak in this country. The
last checklists in verification parameter include whether or not the technology have
undergone verification of performance in similar or actual environment and tested
for CO 2 reduction effects when operating in such environment.
Philippines
In the Philippines, biorefinery is the most popular technology found among the
projects in our database with 5 out of the 11 projects in the country are developing
this technology (Fig. 36.8).
Malaysia
The majority of feedstocks type used in the projects in Malaysia is from Oil Palm
tree (Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), and POME). They are
used mainly in three different type of technologies; BTG, biorefinery, and anaerobic
digestion. The most mature technology among the projects is BTG and the least
mature one is anaerobic digestion (Fig. 36.9).
Cambodia
In Cambodia, gasification is the most popular technology found in our project
database followed by carbonization.
Most of the projects are using rice husk as the feedstock. And while none of the
project is in higher readiness level (Fig. 36.10), the ones operating in Tonle Sap and
Kampong Cham state are already operating in very small capacity.