432
H. Michino and T. Koji
Fig. 28.2 The system of waste to electricity
system consists of a pressurizer and a cutter. From this pretreatment, we will get
crude palm oil (CPO). Unutilized biomass is transferred to the nearest palm oil mill.
About techno-economic assessment, we calculated annual cost and sales from
this system in each case. In cost part, we calculated construction cost of facilities (a
boiler, a turbine, a pressurizer, a cutter), running cost (operating and maintenance)
and transportation cost. About sales part, we calculated sales from selling electricity,
ash and also CPO from pretreatment of EFB.
28.3.2 Cost Calculation
Construction cost (CC) is calculated according to the following formula. It depends
on plant cost (PC) and an expense rate (ER). And also when EFB is utilized, cost of
treatment facilities is included into the number of PC.
CC = PC × ER
Plant cost depends on its capacity size. However, its not be directly proportional
the size of capacity and follows 0.7 power law because of economies of scale so
plant cost can be calculated according to the following formula. (Yu et al. 2008) We
use 25 million JPY as the reference price of 400 kW capacity of energy facilities
(a boiler and a turbine) in Indonesia. The reference price of treatment facilities is
1260000RM for 22.8t/h capacity.
PC = PC
×
(CAP)
(CAP)
0.7
PC
Plant cost
PC
Reference plant cost
H. Michino and T. Koji
Fig. 28.2 The system of waste to electricity
system consists of a pressurizer and a cutter. From this pretreatment, we will get
crude palm oil (CPO). Unutilized biomass is transferred to the nearest palm oil mill.
About techno-economic assessment, we calculated annual cost and sales from
this system in each case. In cost part, we calculated construction cost of facilities (a
boiler, a turbine, a pressurizer, a cutter), running cost (operating and maintenance)
and transportation cost. About sales part, we calculated sales from selling electricity,
ash and also CPO from pretreatment of EFB.
28.3.2 Cost Calculation
Construction cost (CC) is calculated according to the following formula. It depends
on plant cost (PC) and an expense rate (ER). And also when EFB is utilized, cost of
treatment facilities is included into the number of PC.
CC = PC × ER
Plant cost depends on its capacity size. However, its not be directly proportional
the size of capacity and follows 0.7 power law because of economies of scale so
plant cost can be calculated according to the following formula. (Yu et al. 2008) We
use 25 million JPY as the reference price of 400 kW capacity of energy facilities
(a boiler and a turbine) in Indonesia. The reference price of treatment facilities is
1260000RM for 22.8t/h capacity.
PC = PC
×
(CAP)
(CAP)
0.7
PC
Plant cost
PC
Reference plant cost