378
S. Takeda et al.
In other terms, based on the Life Cycle Stage classification by the US DOE (Skone
et al. 2016), this LCA includes the LC Stage #1: Raw Material Acquisition (RMA),
the LC Stage #2: Raw Material Transport (RMT) and the LC Stage #3: Energy
Conversion Facility (ECF).
24.4.3 Database and Software
Ecoinvent 3.5 Cut-off database was used on openLCA version 1.8 software.
24.4.4 Impact Assessment Method
Global Warming Potential (GWP) values as reported in the IPCC 5th Assessment
Report were used for the impact assessment. Ecoinvent 3.5 database provides a
set of impact assessment methods for IPCC derived GWP as part of the database.
However, these default impact assessment methods do not take CO 2 absorption from
the atmosphere into account. For this reason, the impact assessment methods for IPCC
on Ecoinvent 3.5 are modified so that 1 kg of elementary flow of Carbon Dioxide
from the air will cancel 1 kg of elementary flow of Carbon Dioxide emissions to the
air. In exchange, “carbon dioxide, biogenic” emissions were modified to be weighted
as 1 kg to avoid double counting of carbon removal.
24.4.5 Modeling for Solar Hybrid BECCS
Necessary background data for the plant design and product modeling for the Solar
Hybrid BECCS plant were gathered from precedential studies and operational data
of existing plants. For the IGFC facility, the reported operational data of Osaki
CoolGen power plant were referenced (Ishida 2017; Kenji 2015). Finally, for the CCS
facility, reported operational data of the Tomakomai CCS plant (Tanaka et al. 2014)
as well as a report published by the U.S. Department of Energy (Skone et al. 2016)
were referenced. Assumptions for the primary plant parameters are summarized
in Table 24.1.
Table 24.1 Primary Plant
Design Parameters
Symbol
Unit
Baseline value
Electrical output
Pe
kW
48,800
Availability factor
fav
-
0.43
Lifetime
LT
years
40
S. Takeda et al.
In other terms, based on the Life Cycle Stage classification by the US DOE (Skone
et al. 2016), this LCA includes the LC Stage #1: Raw Material Acquisition (RMA),
the LC Stage #2: Raw Material Transport (RMT) and the LC Stage #3: Energy
Conversion Facility (ECF).
24.4.3 Database and Software
Ecoinvent 3.5 Cut-off database was used on openLCA version 1.8 software.
24.4.4 Impact Assessment Method
Global Warming Potential (GWP) values as reported in the IPCC 5th Assessment
Report were used for the impact assessment. Ecoinvent 3.5 database provides a
set of impact assessment methods for IPCC derived GWP as part of the database.
However, these default impact assessment methods do not take CO 2 absorption from
the atmosphere into account. For this reason, the impact assessment methods for IPCC
on Ecoinvent 3.5 are modified so that 1 kg of elementary flow of Carbon Dioxide
from the air will cancel 1 kg of elementary flow of Carbon Dioxide emissions to the
air. In exchange, “carbon dioxide, biogenic” emissions were modified to be weighted
as 1 kg to avoid double counting of carbon removal.
24.4.5 Modeling for Solar Hybrid BECCS
Necessary background data for the plant design and product modeling for the Solar
Hybrid BECCS plant were gathered from precedential studies and operational data
of existing plants. For the IGFC facility, the reported operational data of Osaki
CoolGen power plant were referenced (Ishida 2017; Kenji 2015). Finally, for the CCS
facility, reported operational data of the Tomakomai CCS plant (Tanaka et al. 2014)
as well as a report published by the U.S. Department of Energy (Skone et al. 2016)
were referenced. Assumptions for the primary plant parameters are summarized
in Table 24.1.
Table 24.1 Primary Plant
Design Parameters
Symbol
Unit
Baseline value
Electrical output
Pe
kW
48,800
Availability factor
fav
-
0.43
Lifetime
LT
years
40