24 CO 2 Removal Using the Sun and Forest: An Environmental Life …
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24.3.3 IGFC Plant
Dry wood chips were assumed as the biomass feedstock for the Solar Hybrid BECCS
plant for its availability in the market. Based on the operational temperature of CSP,
the feedstock characteristics (size, composition, and moisture) and the processing
capacities of the biomass gasifiers, the Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) gasifier was
chosen for the proposed Solar Hybrid BECCS plant. It should be noted that some
additional R&Ds are necessary for the gasifier. This is because, while conventional
gasifiers utilize the partial combustion (oxy-combustion) of biomass feedstock to
generate heat, a CFB gasifier with an external heat supply will be needed for this
plant.
For the usage of the product synthetic gas (H2 + CO), the authors assumed an
advanced electricity generation cycle called the Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell
(IGFC) cycle. This electricity generation cycle first converts the synthetic gas into
pure hydrogen + carbon dioxide, then feeds the hydrogen to fuel cells to maximize
the generation efficiency. The burnup hydrogen will then be fed to a gas turbine,
while the carbon dioxide will be recovered to be sequestered. The waste heat will
also be recovered for the steam-turbine electricity generation.
24.3.4 CCS Plant
Among large-scale CCS facilities, the Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project by
Japan CCS Co. Ltd. has been particularly successful in its operation. Due to the
similarities in design features, the authors referenced the design of the Tomakomai
plant for the design of the CCS facility linked to the Solar Hybrid BECCS plant.
24.4 Method
24.4.1 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment
To estimate the life-time CO 2 removal potential of this newly designed Solar &
Biomass Hybrid CCS plant, the authors conducted an environmental Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) in conformity with ISO14040/44.
24.4.2 System Boundary
The product assessed in this LCA is electricity, and as such 1 kWh was chosen as the
functional unit. The system boundary of this analysis is cradle-to-gate for electricity.
377
24.3.3 IGFC Plant
Dry wood chips were assumed as the biomass feedstock for the Solar Hybrid BECCS
plant for its availability in the market. Based on the operational temperature of CSP,
the feedstock characteristics (size, composition, and moisture) and the processing
capacities of the biomass gasifiers, the Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) gasifier was
chosen for the proposed Solar Hybrid BECCS plant. It should be noted that some
additional R&Ds are necessary for the gasifier. This is because, while conventional
gasifiers utilize the partial combustion (oxy-combustion) of biomass feedstock to
generate heat, a CFB gasifier with an external heat supply will be needed for this
plant.
For the usage of the product synthetic gas (H2 + CO), the authors assumed an
advanced electricity generation cycle called the Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell
(IGFC) cycle. This electricity generation cycle first converts the synthetic gas into
pure hydrogen + carbon dioxide, then feeds the hydrogen to fuel cells to maximize
the generation efficiency. The burnup hydrogen will then be fed to a gas turbine,
while the carbon dioxide will be recovered to be sequestered. The waste heat will
also be recovered for the steam-turbine electricity generation.
24.3.4 CCS Plant
Among large-scale CCS facilities, the Tomakomai CCS Demonstration Project by
Japan CCS Co. Ltd. has been particularly successful in its operation. Due to the
similarities in design features, the authors referenced the design of the Tomakomai
plant for the design of the CCS facility linked to the Solar Hybrid BECCS plant.
24.4 Method
24.4.1 Environmental Life Cycle Assessment
To estimate the life-time CO 2 removal potential of this newly designed Solar &
Biomass Hybrid CCS plant, the authors conducted an environmental Life Cycle
Assessment (LCA) in conformity with ISO14040/44.
24.4.2 System Boundary
The product assessed in this LCA is electricity, and as such 1 kWh was chosen as the
functional unit. The system boundary of this analysis is cradle-to-gate for electricity.