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Y.-Y. Chun et al.
10.1 Introduction
By 2050, 68% of the world’s population will live in urban areas compared to 2018
when 55% lived in urban areas (United Nations (UN) 2018). Urbanization provides us
economic, cultural and societal benefits, but the rapid often unplanned urbanization
leaves us substantial tasks to be resolved in cities. For instance, the increase in the
urban population will create new demand for more efficient and sustainable transport
(International Transport Forum (ITF) 2017).
Car ownership level is increasing in many developing countries. Within the OECD
countries, projected growth in vehicle ownership is relatively slow, but for the nonOECD countries, the rates of growth are forecast to be much faster (Dargay et al.
2007; Shihab-Eldin et al. 2004; World Business Council for Sustainable Development 2004). The upgrade process where current motocycle owners are buying cars
is a particularly prevalent phenomenon in Southeast-Asian developing countries
(Belgiawan et al. 2016). Profoundly increased car ownership may lead to extensive environmental and social issues, thus unsustainable development. Thus, understanding the future car travel behavior of individuals in Southeast-Asian developing
countries will be a timely theme to us at a time when these countries are witnessing
rapid growth and transformation in the social, economic, and transportation-related
contexts.
Car sharing is the service that provides users with access to a fleet of vehicles on
an hourly basis (Burkhardt and Millard-Ball 2006). This allows individuals to enjoy
the benefits of private vehicle use with fewer costs, but without responsibilities of
car ownership (Costain et al. 2012). Many cities and transportation planners have
considered car sharing schemes as one promising solution of designing their societies
to help meet growing travel demand while lessening automobile dependence.
While many studies have focused on individuals’ perception, motives, or behavior
intention involved in car sharing usage for developed countries, a consumer perspective is largely unexplored for Southeast-Asian countries. The objective of this study
is to explore the factors that might affect the decision on car sharing adoption in
Southeast-Asian developing countries, where car sharing is so far effectively nonexistent. This study, based on comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured
interviews with university students in Thailand and Indonesia, attempted to specify
critical factors among relevant ones and to formulate the hypotheses that the factors
influence the car sharing adoption intention. The findings from this preparatory study
can be served as a basis for developing a model that uncovers the correlations among
the factors to explain travel behavior related to car sharing adoption, especially in
Southeast-Asian countries.
Y.-Y. Chun et al.
10.1 Introduction
By 2050, 68% of the world’s population will live in urban areas compared to 2018
when 55% lived in urban areas (United Nations (UN) 2018). Urbanization provides us
economic, cultural and societal benefits, but the rapid often unplanned urbanization
leaves us substantial tasks to be resolved in cities. For instance, the increase in the
urban population will create new demand for more efficient and sustainable transport
(International Transport Forum (ITF) 2017).
Car ownership level is increasing in many developing countries. Within the OECD
countries, projected growth in vehicle ownership is relatively slow, but for the nonOECD countries, the rates of growth are forecast to be much faster (Dargay et al.
2007; Shihab-Eldin et al. 2004; World Business Council for Sustainable Development 2004). The upgrade process where current motocycle owners are buying cars
is a particularly prevalent phenomenon in Southeast-Asian developing countries
(Belgiawan et al. 2016). Profoundly increased car ownership may lead to extensive environmental and social issues, thus unsustainable development. Thus, understanding the future car travel behavior of individuals in Southeast-Asian developing
countries will be a timely theme to us at a time when these countries are witnessing
rapid growth and transformation in the social, economic, and transportation-related
contexts.
Car sharing is the service that provides users with access to a fleet of vehicles on
an hourly basis (Burkhardt and Millard-Ball 2006). This allows individuals to enjoy
the benefits of private vehicle use with fewer costs, but without responsibilities of
car ownership (Costain et al. 2012). Many cities and transportation planners have
considered car sharing schemes as one promising solution of designing their societies
to help meet growing travel demand while lessening automobile dependence.
While many studies have focused on individuals’ perception, motives, or behavior
intention involved in car sharing usage for developed countries, a consumer perspective is largely unexplored for Southeast-Asian countries. The objective of this study
is to explore the factors that might affect the decision on car sharing adoption in
Southeast-Asian developing countries, where car sharing is so far effectively nonexistent. This study, based on comprehensive literature reviews and semi-structured
interviews with university students in Thailand and Indonesia, attempted to specify
critical factors among relevant ones and to formulate the hypotheses that the factors
influence the car sharing adoption intention. The findings from this preparatory study
can be served as a basis for developing a model that uncovers the correlations among
the factors to explain travel behavior related to car sharing adoption, especially in
Southeast-Asian countries.