viii
CONTENTS
6.2.5 Nanoparticle Lattices in Colloidal Suspensions 158
6.2.6 Photonic Crystals 159
7 Nanostructured Ferromagnetism
7.1 Basics of Ferromagnetism 165
7.2
7.3 Dynamics of Nanomagnets 172
7.4 Nanopore Containment of Magnetic Particles 176
7.5 Nanocarbon Ferromagnets 177
7.6
7.7 Ferrofluids 186
Effect of Bulk Nanostructuring of Magnetic Properties 170
Giant and Colossal Magnetoresistance 18 1
8 Optical and Vibrational Spectroscopy
8.1 Introduction 194
8.2 Infrared Frequency Range 196
8.2.1
8.2.2 Infrared Surface Spectroscopy 198
8.2.3 Raman Spectroscopy 203
8.2.4 Brillouin Spectroscopy 210
Spectroscopy of Semiconductors; Excitons 196
8.3 Luminescence 213
8.3.1 Photoluminescence 213
8.3.2 Surface States 215
8.3.3 Thermoluminescence 221
Nanostructures in Zeolite Cages 222
8.4
9 Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots
9.1 Introduction 226
9.2
9.3
Preparation of Quantum Nanostructures 227
Size and Dimensionality Effects 231
9.3.1 Size Effects 231
9.3.2
9.3.3
9.3.4 Potential Wells 236
9.3.5 Partial Confinement 241
9.3.6
Conduction Electrons and Dimensionality 233
Fermi Gas and Density of States 234
Properties Dependent on Density of States 242
165
194
226