248
10 Spintronics Applications
Fig. 10.15 GMR sensors used in current wires and transmission lines (Figure adapted and redrawn
from Liu et al. 2016)
Biological Applications
Among widely studied magnetoresistance-based biosensors, GMR-based sensors
have attracted a great deal of attraction (Fig. 10.17) (Wlodarczyk et al. 2011). Two
different kinds of layer structures have been introduced in biosensing: (i) multilayer
system and (ii) spin-valve system. Initially, the surface of the sensing area is functionalized with the probe molecules. Such probe molecules can specifically bind to the
target analyte molecules. In recent researches, the target analytes are mainly DNAs.
or proteins. In case of detection of DNA sequence, the complementary DNA chains
are employed as probes, whereas in order to detect protein molecules, antibodies are
utilized for binding the target protein. After the application of the sample solution
on the sensor surface, magnetic labels are being attached to the surface of the sensor.
Under the excitation with an applied magnetic field, a fringe field is produced by
10 Spintronics Applications
Fig. 10.15 GMR sensors used in current wires and transmission lines (Figure adapted and redrawn
from Liu et al. 2016)
Biological Applications
Among widely studied magnetoresistance-based biosensors, GMR-based sensors
have attracted a great deal of attraction (Fig. 10.17) (Wlodarczyk et al. 2011). Two
different kinds of layer structures have been introduced in biosensing: (i) multilayer
system and (ii) spin-valve system. Initially, the surface of the sensing area is functionalized with the probe molecules. Such probe molecules can specifically bind to the
target analyte molecules. In recent researches, the target analytes are mainly DNAs.
or proteins. In case of detection of DNA sequence, the complementary DNA chains
are employed as probes, whereas in order to detect protein molecules, antibodies are
utilized for binding the target protein. After the application of the sample solution
on the sensor surface, magnetic labels are being attached to the surface of the sensor.
Under the excitation with an applied magnetic field, a fringe field is produced by