3.4 Types of GMR
85
Fig. 3.7 Pseudo-spin valve structure, consisting of two ferromagnetic (FM) and one non-magnetic
(NM) spacer layer. One ferromagnetic layer is hard, another is soft. In case of hard FM layer, the
magnetization is pinned, whereas magnetization is free for the soft FM layer
it is essential to avoid such interaction between two ferromagnetic electrodes so that
complete control over the device can be exercised.
3.4.4 Granular GMR
In a sample consisting of solid granules of magnetic material dispersed in a matrix
of non-magnetic material (Fig. 3.8), granular GMR has been found to occur. For
example, the granular GMR effect is observed in system, like copper matrices with
cobalt granules dispersed on it. However, the GMR ratios, produced in granular
materials, are not found to be high enough as obtained in the multilayer counterparts.
Fig. 3.8 Granular GMR structure with ferromagnetic material dispersed in a matrix of nonmagnetic material
85
Fig. 3.7 Pseudo-spin valve structure, consisting of two ferromagnetic (FM) and one non-magnetic
(NM) spacer layer. One ferromagnetic layer is hard, another is soft. In case of hard FM layer, the
magnetization is pinned, whereas magnetization is free for the soft FM layer
it is essential to avoid such interaction between two ferromagnetic electrodes so that
complete control over the device can be exercised.
3.4.4 Granular GMR
In a sample consisting of solid granules of magnetic material dispersed in a matrix
of non-magnetic material (Fig. 3.8), granular GMR has been found to occur. For
example, the granular GMR effect is observed in system, like copper matrices with
cobalt granules dispersed on it. However, the GMR ratios, produced in granular
materials, are not found to be high enough as obtained in the multilayer counterparts.
Fig. 3.8 Granular GMR structure with ferromagnetic material dispersed in a matrix of nonmagnetic material