dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, propylene glycol
and ethylene glycol. Cryobiology 68:35–42
290. Mullen SF, Li M, Li Y, Chen ZJ, Critser JK
(2008) Human oocyte vitrification: the permeability of metaphase II oocytes to water
and ethylene glycol and the appliance toward
vitrification. Fertil Steril 89:1812–1825
291. Jin B, Higashiyama R, Nakata Y, Yonezawa J,
Xu S, Miyake M, Takahashi S, Kikuchi K,
Yazawa K, Mizobuchi S, Kitayama M,
Koshimoto C, Matsukawa K, Kasai M, Edashige K (2013) Rapid movement of water and
cryoprotectants in pig expanded blastocysts
via channel processes: its relevance to their
higher tolerance to cryopreservation. Biol
Reprod 89:87. [epub ahead of print]
292. Kleinhans FW (1998) Membrane permeability modeling: Kedem-Katchalsky vs a
two-parameter
formalism.
Cryobiology
37:271–289
293. Levin R, Miller TW (1981) An optimum
method for the introduction or removal of
permeable cryoprotectants: isolated cells.
Cryobiology 18:32–48
294. Levin R (1982) A generalized method for the
minimization of cellular osmotic stresses and
strains during the introduction and removal
of permeable cryoprotectants. J Biomech Eng
104:81–86
295. Fahy GM, Lilley TH, Linsdell H, St. John
Douglas M, Meryman HT (1990) Cryoprotectant toxicity and cryoprotectant toxicity
reduction: in search of molecular mechanisms. Cryobiology 27:247–268
296. Fahy GM (2005) Vitrification as an approach
to cryopreservation: general perspectives.
Cryobiology 51:348–349
297. Wowk B, Darwin M, Harris SB, Russell SR,
Rasch CM (1999) Effects of solute methoxylation on glass-forming ability and stability
of vitrification solutions. Cryobiology
39:215–227
298. Benson JD, Kearsley AJ, Higgins AZ (2012)
Mathematical optimization of procedures for
cryoprotectant equilibration using a toxicity
cost function. Cryobiology 64:144–151
299. Karlsson JO, Szurek EA, Higgins AZ, Lee SR,
Eroglu A (2013) Optimization of cryoprotectant loading into murine and human oocytes.
Cryobiology 68:18–28
300. Benson JD, Higgins AZ, Desai K, Eroglu A
(2018) A toxicity cost function approach to
optimal CPA equilibration in tissues. Cryobiology 80:144–155
301. Ghousifam N, Sandoval B, Rylander MN
(2019) Heat shock proteins as a potential
tool to protect cells integrity during organ
cryopreservation (abstract S44). Cryobiology.
(in press)
302. Cypser JR, Chick WS, Fahy GM, Schumacher
GJ, Johnson TE (2019) Genetic suppression
of cryoprotectant toxicity. Cryobiology
86:95–102
303. Fahy GM (2019) Further optimization of
organ perfusion with cryoprotective agents.
Cryobiology. (in press)
304. Fahy GM (2016) Elimination of most damage
after perfusing rabbit kidneys with M22 solutions. Cryobiology 73:407
305. Franks F, Mathias SF, Galfre P, Webster SD,
Brown D (1983) Ice nucleation and freezing
in
undercooled
cells.
Cryobiology
20:298–309
306. Fink AL (1986) Effects of cryoprotectants on
enzyme structure. Cryobiology 23:28–37
307. Jans AWH, Willem R (1988) 13C-NMR
study of glycerol metabolism in rabbit renal
cells of proximal convoluted tubules. Eur J
Biochem 174:67–73
308. Sestoft L, Fleron P (1975) Kinetics of glycerol
uptake by the perfused rat liver: membrane
transport, phosphorylation and effect on
NAD redox level. Biochim Biophys Acta
375:462–471
309. Blow AM, Botham GM, Fisher D, Goodall
AH, Tilcock CP, Lucy JA (1978) Water and
calcium ions in cell fusion induced by poly
(ethylene glycol). FEBS Lett 94:305–310
310. Shaw JM, Kuleshova LL, MacFarlane DR,
Trounson AO (1997) Vitrification properties
of solutions of ethylene glycol in saline containing PVP, ficoll, or dextran. Cryobiology
35:219–229
311. Kuleshova LL, MacFarlane DR, Trounson
AO, Shaw JM (1999) Sugars exert a major
influence on the vitrification properties of ethylene glycol-based solutions and have low
toxicity to embryos and oocytes. Cryobiology
38:119–130
312. Fahy GM, da Mouta C, Tsonev L, Khirabadi
BS, Mehl P, Meryman HT (1995) Cellular
injury associated with organ cryopreservation: chemical toxicity and cooling injury. In:
Lemasters JJ, Oliver C (eds) Cell Biology of
Trauma. CRC Press, Boca Raton
313. Fahy GM (2010) Cryoprotectant toxicity
neutralization. Cryobiology 60:S45–S53
314. Yancey PG, Clark ME, Hand SC, Rowlus RD,
Somero GN (1982) Living with water stress:
evolution of osmolyte systems. Science
217:1214–1222
315. Somero GN (1986) From dogfish to dogs:
Trimethylamines protect proteins from urea.
News Physiol Sci 1:9–12
94
Gregory M. Fahy and Brian Wowk
and ethylene glycol. Cryobiology 68:35–42
290. Mullen SF, Li M, Li Y, Chen ZJ, Critser JK
(2008) Human oocyte vitrification: the permeability of metaphase II oocytes to water
and ethylene glycol and the appliance toward
vitrification. Fertil Steril 89:1812–1825
291. Jin B, Higashiyama R, Nakata Y, Yonezawa J,
Xu S, Miyake M, Takahashi S, Kikuchi K,
Yazawa K, Mizobuchi S, Kitayama M,
Koshimoto C, Matsukawa K, Kasai M, Edashige K (2013) Rapid movement of water and
cryoprotectants in pig expanded blastocysts
via channel processes: its relevance to their
higher tolerance to cryopreservation. Biol
Reprod 89:87. [epub ahead of print]
292. Kleinhans FW (1998) Membrane permeability modeling: Kedem-Katchalsky vs a
two-parameter
formalism.
Cryobiology
37:271–289
293. Levin R, Miller TW (1981) An optimum
method for the introduction or removal of
permeable cryoprotectants: isolated cells.
Cryobiology 18:32–48
294. Levin R (1982) A generalized method for the
minimization of cellular osmotic stresses and
strains during the introduction and removal
of permeable cryoprotectants. J Biomech Eng
104:81–86
295. Fahy GM, Lilley TH, Linsdell H, St. John
Douglas M, Meryman HT (1990) Cryoprotectant toxicity and cryoprotectant toxicity
reduction: in search of molecular mechanisms. Cryobiology 27:247–268
296. Fahy GM (2005) Vitrification as an approach
to cryopreservation: general perspectives.
Cryobiology 51:348–349
297. Wowk B, Darwin M, Harris SB, Russell SR,
Rasch CM (1999) Effects of solute methoxylation on glass-forming ability and stability
of vitrification solutions. Cryobiology
39:215–227
298. Benson JD, Kearsley AJ, Higgins AZ (2012)
Mathematical optimization of procedures for
cryoprotectant equilibration using a toxicity
cost function. Cryobiology 64:144–151
299. Karlsson JO, Szurek EA, Higgins AZ, Lee SR,
Eroglu A (2013) Optimization of cryoprotectant loading into murine and human oocytes.
Cryobiology 68:18–28
300. Benson JD, Higgins AZ, Desai K, Eroglu A
(2018) A toxicity cost function approach to
optimal CPA equilibration in tissues. Cryobiology 80:144–155
301. Ghousifam N, Sandoval B, Rylander MN
(2019) Heat shock proteins as a potential
tool to protect cells integrity during organ
cryopreservation (abstract S44). Cryobiology.
(in press)
302. Cypser JR, Chick WS, Fahy GM, Schumacher
GJ, Johnson TE (2019) Genetic suppression
of cryoprotectant toxicity. Cryobiology
86:95–102
303. Fahy GM (2019) Further optimization of
organ perfusion with cryoprotective agents.
Cryobiology. (in press)
304. Fahy GM (2016) Elimination of most damage
after perfusing rabbit kidneys with M22 solutions. Cryobiology 73:407
305. Franks F, Mathias SF, Galfre P, Webster SD,
Brown D (1983) Ice nucleation and freezing
in
undercooled
cells.
Cryobiology
20:298–309
306. Fink AL (1986) Effects of cryoprotectants on
enzyme structure. Cryobiology 23:28–37
307. Jans AWH, Willem R (1988) 13C-NMR
study of glycerol metabolism in rabbit renal
cells of proximal convoluted tubules. Eur J
Biochem 174:67–73
308. Sestoft L, Fleron P (1975) Kinetics of glycerol
uptake by the perfused rat liver: membrane
transport, phosphorylation and effect on
NAD redox level. Biochim Biophys Acta
375:462–471
309. Blow AM, Botham GM, Fisher D, Goodall
AH, Tilcock CP, Lucy JA (1978) Water and
calcium ions in cell fusion induced by poly
(ethylene glycol). FEBS Lett 94:305–310
310. Shaw JM, Kuleshova LL, MacFarlane DR,
Trounson AO (1997) Vitrification properties
of solutions of ethylene glycol in saline containing PVP, ficoll, or dextran. Cryobiology
35:219–229
311. Kuleshova LL, MacFarlane DR, Trounson
AO, Shaw JM (1999) Sugars exert a major
influence on the vitrification properties of ethylene glycol-based solutions and have low
toxicity to embryos and oocytes. Cryobiology
38:119–130
312. Fahy GM, da Mouta C, Tsonev L, Khirabadi
BS, Mehl P, Meryman HT (1995) Cellular
injury associated with organ cryopreservation: chemical toxicity and cooling injury. In:
Lemasters JJ, Oliver C (eds) Cell Biology of
Trauma. CRC Press, Boca Raton
313. Fahy GM (2010) Cryoprotectant toxicity
neutralization. Cryobiology 60:S45–S53
314. Yancey PG, Clark ME, Hand SC, Rowlus RD,
Somero GN (1982) Living with water stress:
evolution of osmolyte systems. Science
217:1214–1222
315. Somero GN (1986) From dogfish to dogs:
Trimethylamines protect proteins from urea.
News Physiol Sci 1:9–12
94
Gregory M. Fahy and Brian Wowk