316. Wang A, Bolen DW (1997) A naturally occurring protective system in urea-rich cells:
mechanisms of osmolyte protection of proteins against urea denaturation. Biochemistry
36:9101–9108
317. Lin TY, Timasheff SN (1994) Why do some
organisms use a urea-methylamine mixture as
osmolyte? Thermodynamic compensation of
urea and trimethylamine N-oxide interactions
with protein. Biochemistry 33:12695–12701
318. Baxter S, Lathe G (1971) Biochemical effects
on kidney of exposure to high concentrations
of dimethyl sulphoxide. Biochem Pharmacol
30:1079–1091
319. Mirsalikhova NM (1978) Stabilizatsiia Na
+
,
K
+
-adenozintrifosfatazy dimetilsulfoxsidom
pri inaktivatsii mochevinoi. Biokhimiia
43:34–39
320. Anchordoguy TJ, Carpenter JF, Crowe JH,
Crowe LM (1992) Temperature-dependent
perturbation of phospholipid bilayers by
dimethylsulfoxide. Biochim Biophys Acta
1104:117–122
321. Rajesh, K., Oh, K., and Baiz, C.R. (2020)
Amides modulate protein stability in dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. (in preparation)
322. Shlafer M, Matheny JL, Karow AM Jr (1976)
Cardiac chronotropic mechanisms of
dimethyl sulfoxide: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and antagonism of negative chronotropy by atropine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn
Ther 221:21–31
323. de Graaf IA, Draaisma AL, Schoeman O, Fahy
GM, Groothuis GM, Koster HJ (2007) Cryopreservation of rat precision-cut liver and kidney slices by rapid freezing and vitrification.
Cryobiology 54:1–12
324. Burch HB, Lowry OH, Meinhardt L, Max P,
Chyu K-J (1970) Effect of fructose, dihydroxyacetone, glycerol and sucrose on metabolites and related compounds in liver and
kidney. J Biol Chem 245:2092–2102
325. Booth ED, Dofferhoff O, Boogaard PJ, Watson WP (2004) Comparison of the metabolism of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid
in vitro by precision-cut tissue slices from
female rat, rabbit, and human liver. Xenobiotica 34:31–48
326. Leth PM, Gregersen M (2005) Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Sci Int 155:179–184
327. Jacob SW, Herschler R (1986) Pharmacology
of DMSO. Cryobiology 23:14–27
328. Snow JT, Finley JW, Friedman M (1975) Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to disulfides by
sulfoxides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
64:441–447
329. Agarwal SP, Nwaiwu J (1984) Dimethyl sulfoxide as a spray reagent for the detection of
triterpenoids and some steroids on thin-layer
plates. J Chromatogr 295:537–542
330. Friend C, Scher W, Preisler HD, Holland JG
(1973) Studies on erythroid differentiation of
Friend virus-induced murine leukemia cells.
Bibl Haematol 39:916–923
331. Reboulleau CP, Shapiro HS (1983) Chemical
inducers of differentiation cause conformational changes in the chromatin and deoxyribonucleic acid of murine erythroleukemia
cells. Biochemistry 22:4512–4517
332. Arakawa T, Kita Y, Timasheff SN (2007) Protein precipitation and denaturation by
dimethyl
sulfoxide.
Biophys
Chem
131:62–70
333. Gekko K, Timasheff SN (1981) Mechanism
of protein stabilization by glycerol: preferential hydration in glycerol-water mixtures. Biochemistry 20:4667–4676
334. Arakawa T, Timasheff SN (1982) Stabilization of protein structure by sugars. Biochemistry 21:6536–6544
335. Timasheff SN (2002) Protein hydration, thermodynamic binding, and preferential hydration. Biochemistry 41:13473–13482
336. Kim SH, Yan YB, Zhou HM (2006) Role of
osmolytes as chemical chaperones during the
refolding of aminoacylase. Biochem Cell Biol
84:30–38
337. Hamagushi K (1964) Structure of muramidase (lysozyme). VIII. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the stability of muramidase. J
Biochem 56:441–449
338. Fujita Y, Izumiguchi S, Noda Y (1982) Effect
of dimethylsulfoxide and its homologues on
the thermal denaturation of lysozyme as
measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
J Peptide Prot Res 19:25–31
339. Arakawa T (1990) The basis for toxicity of
certain cryoprotectants: a hypothesis. Cryobiology 27:401–415
340. Strambini GB, Balestreri E, Galli A, Gonnelli
M (2008) Effects of sugars and polyols on the
stability of azurin in ice. J Phys Chem B
112:4372–4380
341. MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M (1990) Recent
insights on the role of cryoprotective agents
in vitrification. Cryobiology 27:345–358
342. Yoshida T, Maulik N, Ho YS, Alam J, Das DK
(2001) H(mox-1) constitutes an adaptive
response to effect antioxidant cardioprotection: a study with transgenic mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the Heme
oxygenase-1
gene.
Circulation
103:1695–1701
343. Hayakawa K, Hiramatsu N, Okamura M,
Yao J, Paton AW, Paton JC, Kitamura M
(2008) Blunted activation of NF-kappaB and
Principles of Vitrification
95
mechanisms of osmolyte protection of proteins against urea denaturation. Biochemistry
36:9101–9108
317. Lin TY, Timasheff SN (1994) Why do some
organisms use a urea-methylamine mixture as
osmolyte? Thermodynamic compensation of
urea and trimethylamine N-oxide interactions
with protein. Biochemistry 33:12695–12701
318. Baxter S, Lathe G (1971) Biochemical effects
on kidney of exposure to high concentrations
of dimethyl sulphoxide. Biochem Pharmacol
30:1079–1091
319. Mirsalikhova NM (1978) Stabilizatsiia Na
+
,
K
+
-adenozintrifosfatazy dimetilsulfoxsidom
pri inaktivatsii mochevinoi. Biokhimiia
43:34–39
320. Anchordoguy TJ, Carpenter JF, Crowe JH,
Crowe LM (1992) Temperature-dependent
perturbation of phospholipid bilayers by
dimethylsulfoxide. Biochim Biophys Acta
1104:117–122
321. Rajesh, K., Oh, K., and Baiz, C.R. (2020)
Amides modulate protein stability in dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. (in preparation)
322. Shlafer M, Matheny JL, Karow AM Jr (1976)
Cardiac chronotropic mechanisms of
dimethyl sulfoxide: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and antagonism of negative chronotropy by atropine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn
Ther 221:21–31
323. de Graaf IA, Draaisma AL, Schoeman O, Fahy
GM, Groothuis GM, Koster HJ (2007) Cryopreservation of rat precision-cut liver and kidney slices by rapid freezing and vitrification.
Cryobiology 54:1–12
324. Burch HB, Lowry OH, Meinhardt L, Max P,
Chyu K-J (1970) Effect of fructose, dihydroxyacetone, glycerol and sucrose on metabolites and related compounds in liver and
kidney. J Biol Chem 245:2092–2102
325. Booth ED, Dofferhoff O, Boogaard PJ, Watson WP (2004) Comparison of the metabolism of ethylene glycol and glycolic acid
in vitro by precision-cut tissue slices from
female rat, rabbit, and human liver. Xenobiotica 34:31–48
326. Leth PM, Gregersen M (2005) Ethylene glycol poisoning. Forensic Sci Int 155:179–184
327. Jacob SW, Herschler R (1986) Pharmacology
of DMSO. Cryobiology 23:14–27
328. Snow JT, Finley JW, Friedman M (1975) Oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to disulfides by
sulfoxides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun
64:441–447
329. Agarwal SP, Nwaiwu J (1984) Dimethyl sulfoxide as a spray reagent for the detection of
triterpenoids and some steroids on thin-layer
plates. J Chromatogr 295:537–542
330. Friend C, Scher W, Preisler HD, Holland JG
(1973) Studies on erythroid differentiation of
Friend virus-induced murine leukemia cells.
Bibl Haematol 39:916–923
331. Reboulleau CP, Shapiro HS (1983) Chemical
inducers of differentiation cause conformational changes in the chromatin and deoxyribonucleic acid of murine erythroleukemia
cells. Biochemistry 22:4512–4517
332. Arakawa T, Kita Y, Timasheff SN (2007) Protein precipitation and denaturation by
dimethyl
sulfoxide.
Biophys
Chem
131:62–70
333. Gekko K, Timasheff SN (1981) Mechanism
of protein stabilization by glycerol: preferential hydration in glycerol-water mixtures. Biochemistry 20:4667–4676
334. Arakawa T, Timasheff SN (1982) Stabilization of protein structure by sugars. Biochemistry 21:6536–6544
335. Timasheff SN (2002) Protein hydration, thermodynamic binding, and preferential hydration. Biochemistry 41:13473–13482
336. Kim SH, Yan YB, Zhou HM (2006) Role of
osmolytes as chemical chaperones during the
refolding of aminoacylase. Biochem Cell Biol
84:30–38
337. Hamagushi K (1964) Structure of muramidase (lysozyme). VIII. Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the stability of muramidase. J
Biochem 56:441–449
338. Fujita Y, Izumiguchi S, Noda Y (1982) Effect
of dimethylsulfoxide and its homologues on
the thermal denaturation of lysozyme as
measured by differential scanning calorimetry.
J Peptide Prot Res 19:25–31
339. Arakawa T (1990) The basis for toxicity of
certain cryoprotectants: a hypothesis. Cryobiology 27:401–415
340. Strambini GB, Balestreri E, Galli A, Gonnelli
M (2008) Effects of sugars and polyols on the
stability of azurin in ice. J Phys Chem B
112:4372–4380
341. MacFarlane DR, Forsyth M (1990) Recent
insights on the role of cryoprotective agents
in vitrification. Cryobiology 27:345–358
342. Yoshida T, Maulik N, Ho YS, Alam J, Das DK
(2001) H(mox-1) constitutes an adaptive
response to effect antioxidant cardioprotection: a study with transgenic mice heterozygous for targeted disruption of the Heme
oxygenase-1
gene.
Circulation
103:1695–1701
343. Hayakawa K, Hiramatsu N, Okamura M,
Yao J, Paton AW, Paton JC, Kitamura M
(2008) Blunted activation of NF-kappaB and
Principles of Vitrification
95