C
Canny edge detection, 67–69
Cardiac muscle, 218
Cardiac reentry, 185–186
Cardiovascular diseases
atrial fibrillation (AF), 182–183
atrial flutter, 185
atrioventricular block, 186–188
cardiac reentry, 185–186
extrasystole, 189–190
myocardial infarction, 184–185
ventricular arrhythmias, 183
ventricular fibrillation, 184
ventricular tachycardia (VT), 184
Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome,
188–189
Cell membrane
action potential, 161–164
capacitance, 160–161
equivalent electric circuit, 161
resistance, 160
Central nervous system diseases
brain tumor, 209
epilepsy, 206–208
meningitis, 209
Parkinson’s disease, 209
sleep disorders, 208–209
Cerebrospinal fluid, 199
Classification, see Clustering
Clustering
Bayesian classifier
a priori probability, 134
class conditional probability, 135
loss function, 136–138
vs. classification, 125–127
feature extraction
biomedical and biological
features, 128
signal and image processing
features, 128–131
K-means clustering method, 131–134
maximum likelihood estimation (MLE),
138–140
neural networks
MATLAB
® , 149–150
perceptrons, 140–144
sigmoid neural networks,
145–149
Coherence analysis, 213–214
Common-mode rejection, 180
Complexity analysis
entropy, 104
fractal dimension, 102–103
signal complexity and signal mobility,
101–102
wavelet measures, 103–104
378
Index
Computed tomography (CT)
attenuation tomography
description, 250
mathematical formulation, 253–258
mechanism, 250–251
definition, 249
diffraction tomography, 252
feasibility, 249
Fourier slice theorem, 258–260
reflection tomography, 251–252
time-of-flight tomography, 251
X-ray imaging
biomedical scanners, 274–276
computer algorithm, 273
description, 273
image-guided interventions,
278–279
registration, 278–279
schematic representation, 273
stereotactic surgeries, 277–278
Confocal microscopy
anatomical imaging category
description, 360
focusing mechanism, 360
laser scanning, 361
limitations, 361
representative image, 361
Contrast enhancement, 41–43
Convolution, 23–24
Cosine transform, 104–107
CT, see Computed tomography (CT)
D
Data representation and coding, 116–117
Daubechies (dbX) wavelets, 87–88
Delta wave, 189
Derivative filters, 56–58
Diastole, 173
Differentiation, 26
Diffraction tomography
CT, 252
Digital signals, 6–7
Dirac function, see Impulse function
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
one-dimensional DFT (1-D DFT), 26–31
two-dimensional DFT (2-D DFT), 31–33
Discrete signals, 4–5
Diseases
cardiovascular diseases (see Cardiovascular
diseases)
of central nervous system
brain tumor, 209
epilepsy, 206–208
meningitis, 209
Parkinson’s disease, 209
sleep disorders, 208–209
Canny edge detection, 67–69
Cardiac muscle, 218
Cardiac reentry, 185–186
Cardiovascular diseases
atrial fibrillation (AF), 182–183
atrial flutter, 185
atrioventricular block, 186–188
cardiac reentry, 185–186
extrasystole, 189–190
myocardial infarction, 184–185
ventricular arrhythmias, 183
ventricular fibrillation, 184
ventricular tachycardia (VT), 184
Wolf–Parkinson–White syndrome,
188–189
Cell membrane
action potential, 161–164
capacitance, 160–161
equivalent electric circuit, 161
resistance, 160
Central nervous system diseases
brain tumor, 209
epilepsy, 206–208
meningitis, 209
Parkinson’s disease, 209
sleep disorders, 208–209
Cerebrospinal fluid, 199
Classification, see Clustering
Clustering
Bayesian classifier
a priori probability, 134
class conditional probability, 135
loss function, 136–138
vs. classification, 125–127
feature extraction
biomedical and biological
features, 128
signal and image processing
features, 128–131
K-means clustering method, 131–134
maximum likelihood estimation (MLE),
138–140
neural networks
MATLAB
® , 149–150
perceptrons, 140–144
sigmoid neural networks,
145–149
Coherence analysis, 213–214
Common-mode rejection, 180
Complexity analysis
entropy, 104
fractal dimension, 102–103
signal complexity and signal mobility,
101–102
wavelet measures, 103–104
378
Index
Computed tomography (CT)
attenuation tomography
description, 250
mathematical formulation, 253–258
mechanism, 250–251
definition, 249
diffraction tomography, 252
feasibility, 249
Fourier slice theorem, 258–260
reflection tomography, 251–252
time-of-flight tomography, 251
X-ray imaging
biomedical scanners, 274–276
computer algorithm, 273
description, 273
image-guided interventions,
278–279
registration, 278–279
schematic representation, 273
stereotactic surgeries, 277–278
Confocal microscopy
anatomical imaging category
description, 360
focusing mechanism, 360
laser scanning, 361
limitations, 361
representative image, 361
Contrast enhancement, 41–43
Convolution, 23–24
Cosine transform, 104–107
CT, see Computed tomography (CT)
D
Data representation and coding, 116–117
Daubechies (dbX) wavelets, 87–88
Delta wave, 189
Derivative filters, 56–58
Diastole, 173
Differentiation, 26
Diffraction tomography
CT, 252
Digital signals, 6–7
Dirac function, see Impulse function
Discrete Fourier transform (DFT)
one-dimensional DFT (1-D DFT), 26–31
two-dimensional DFT (2-D DFT), 31–33
Discrete signals, 4–5
Diseases
cardiovascular diseases (see Cardiovascular
diseases)
of central nervous system
brain tumor, 209
epilepsy, 206–208
meningitis, 209
Parkinson’s disease, 209
sleep disorders, 208–209