7.10 To the Famous Scientists
449
Friedrichs (Kurt Otto, 1901.9.28–1983.1.2(1982.13.31)) German–American mathematician. Born in Kiel, Holstein, died in New Rochelle, New York. Studied at the
University of Göttingen in his early years, was a student of Richard Courant. Obtained
a doctoral degree in 1925. From 1925 to 1937 successively taught at the University
of Göttingen, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen and Technische Hochschule in Braunschweig. Moved to the United States in 1937, served as
a professor at New York University. Served as a professor of the Courant Institute
of Mathematical Sciences since 1943, Successively served as deputy director and
director of the Institute from 1953 to 1967. Was elected a member of the National
Academy of Sciences in 1959, also a communication academician of the Göttingen
Academy of Sciences and Munich Academy of Sciences. Served as the vice president
of the American Mathematical Society from 1968 to 1969. Received the United States
National Medal of Science in 1977. Made contributions to mathematical physics,
theory of differential equations, generalized function theory, theory of differential
operators, elastic mechanics and fluid mechanics etc. aspects. The works had Mathematical aspects of the quantum theory of fields (1953), Lectures on advanced ordinary
differential Eqs. (1965, 1985), Perturbation of Spectra in Hilbert Space (1965), Pseudodifferential Operators (1968), Mathematical methods of electromagnetic theory
(1974) and Spectral Theory of Operators in Hilbert Space (1981) etc.
Chien Wei-zang or Qian Weichang (simplified Chinese: 钱伟长; pinyin: Qián
Wˇ eicháng, 1912.10.9–2010.7.30) Chinese mathematicians and physicist. Born in
Wuxi, died in Shanghai. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1935, received a
doctorate in applied mathematics at the University of Toronto in 1942. Successively
served as a professor and vice president at the Tsinghua University since 1946.
Became a member (later was renamed the academician) of the Chinese Academy
of Sciences in 1954, was elected a foreign academician of the Polish Academy
of Sciences in 1956. The founder of the Institute of Mechanics and Institute of
Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Served as the President of the Shanghai
Industrial University, President of Shanghai University since 1983. Founded the
Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in 1984 and served as
the Director. Had successively server as vice chairman of the National Committee of
the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman and honorary
chairman of the Central Committee of China Democratic League. One of the founders
of modern mechanics in China, the main academic contributions had the intrinsic
theory of plates and shells, perturbation solution and singular perturbation solution of
large deflection problems of plates and shells, the generalized variational principle,
analytic solutions of ring shells and method of coding Chinese characters according
to their macro patterns etc. The works had 弹性力学 (Elastic Mechanics, 1956), 变分
法及有限元 (Variational Principles and Finite Element Methods, 1980), 穿甲力学
(Penetration Mechanics, 1984), 广义变分原理 (Generalized Variational Principles,
1985) and 钱伟长科学论文选集 (Selected Works of Wei-zang Chien, 1989) etc.
449
Friedrichs (Kurt Otto, 1901.9.28–1983.1.2(1982.13.31)) German–American mathematician. Born in Kiel, Holstein, died in New Rochelle, New York. Studied at the
University of Göttingen in his early years, was a student of Richard Courant. Obtained
a doctoral degree in 1925. From 1925 to 1937 successively taught at the University
of Göttingen, Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen and Technische Hochschule in Braunschweig. Moved to the United States in 1937, served as
a professor at New York University. Served as a professor of the Courant Institute
of Mathematical Sciences since 1943, Successively served as deputy director and
director of the Institute from 1953 to 1967. Was elected a member of the National
Academy of Sciences in 1959, also a communication academician of the Göttingen
Academy of Sciences and Munich Academy of Sciences. Served as the vice president
of the American Mathematical Society from 1968 to 1969. Received the United States
National Medal of Science in 1977. Made contributions to mathematical physics,
theory of differential equations, generalized function theory, theory of differential
operators, elastic mechanics and fluid mechanics etc. aspects. The works had Mathematical aspects of the quantum theory of fields (1953), Lectures on advanced ordinary
differential Eqs. (1965, 1985), Perturbation of Spectra in Hilbert Space (1965), Pseudodifferential Operators (1968), Mathematical methods of electromagnetic theory
(1974) and Spectral Theory of Operators in Hilbert Space (1981) etc.
Chien Wei-zang or Qian Weichang (simplified Chinese: 钱伟长; pinyin: Qián
Wˇ eicháng, 1912.10.9–2010.7.30) Chinese mathematicians and physicist. Born in
Wuxi, died in Shanghai. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1935, received a
doctorate in applied mathematics at the University of Toronto in 1942. Successively
served as a professor and vice president at the Tsinghua University since 1946.
Became a member (later was renamed the academician) of the Chinese Academy
of Sciences in 1954, was elected a foreign academician of the Polish Academy
of Sciences in 1956. The founder of the Institute of Mechanics and Institute of
Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Served as the President of the Shanghai
Industrial University, President of Shanghai University since 1983. Founded the
Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics in 1984 and served as
the Director. Had successively server as vice chairman of the National Committee of
the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman and honorary
chairman of the Central Committee of China Democratic League. One of the founders
of modern mechanics in China, the main academic contributions had the intrinsic
theory of plates and shells, perturbation solution and singular perturbation solution of
large deflection problems of plates and shells, the generalized variational principle,
analytic solutions of ring shells and method of coding Chinese characters according
to their macro patterns etc. The works had 弹性力学 (Elastic Mechanics, 1956), 变分
法及有限元 (Variational Principles and Finite Element Methods, 1980), 穿甲力学
(Penetration Mechanics, 1984), 广义变分原理 (Generalized Variational Principles,
1985) and 钱伟长科学论文选集 (Selected Works of Wei-zang Chien, 1989) etc.