8 Lewis Acid−Base Pairs for Polymerization Catalysis …
315
34. Zhang H, Nie Y, Zhi X, Du H, Yang J (2017) Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of αAmino Acid N-Carboxy-Anhydride by Frustrated Amine/Borane Lewis Pairs. Chem Commun
53:5155–5158. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC01440F
35. Zhang D, Boopathi SK, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X (2016) Metal-Free Alternating
Copolymerization of CO 2 with Epoxides: Fulfilling “Green” Synthesis and Activity. J Am
Chem Soc 138:11117–11120. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b06679
36. Yang JL, Wu HL, Li Y, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ (2017) Perfectly Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epoxides by Metal-Free Lewis Pairs. Angew
Chem Int Ed 56:5774–5779. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201701780
37. Ji HY, Wang B, Pan L, Li YS (2018) Lewis Pairs for Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclic Anhydrides and Epoxides. Green Chem 20:641–648. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C7GC03261G
38. Bai Y, He J, Zhang Y (2018) Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polymers Produced by the “Immortal” Phosphine-Based Catalyst System. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:17230–17234. https://doi.org/
10.1002/anie.201811946
39. Jia YB, Wang YB, Ren WM, Xu T, Wang J, Lu XB (2014) Mechanistic Aspects of Initiation
and Deactivation in N-Heterocyclic Olefin Mediated Polymerization of Acrylates with Alane
as Activator. Macromolecules 47:1966–1972. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma500047d
40. He J, Zhang Y, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX (2014) Chain Propagation
and Termination Mechanisms for Polymerization of Conjugated Polar Alkenes by [Al]-Based
Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Macromolecules 47:7765–7774. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma5019389
41. Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang YT (2020) Rapid and Scalable Access to Sequence-Controlled
DHDM Multiblock Copolymers by FLP Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed 59:11613–
11619. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004013
42. Zhao W, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y (2019) Chemoselective and Living/Controlled Polymerization
of Polar Divinyl Monomers by N-Heterocyclic Olefin Based Classical and Frustrated Lewis
Pairs. Polym Chem 10:4328–4335. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9PY00626E
43. Chen J, Chen EYX (2015) Lewis pair Polymerization of Acrylic Monomers by N-Heterocyclic
Carbenes and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 . Isr J Chem 55:216–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201400136
44. Gowda RR, Chen EYX (2017) Chemoselective Lewis Pair Polymerization of Renewable
Multivinyl-Functionalized γ-Butyrolactones. Philos Trans R Soc A 375:20170003. https://
doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0003
45. Xu P, Wu L, Dong L, Xu X (2018) Chemoselective Polymerization of Polar Divinyl Monomers
with Rare-Earth/Phosphine Lewis Pairs. Molecules 23:360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules
23020360
46. Zhang P, Zhou H, Lu XB (2019) Living and Chemoselective (Co)polymerization of Polar
Divinyl Monomers Mediated by Bulky Lewis Pairs. Macromolecules 52:4520–4525. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00652
47. Zhang Y, Miyake GM, John MG, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX (2012) Lewis
Pair Polymerization by Classical and Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Acid, Base and Monomer Scope
and Polymerization Mechanism. Dalton Trans 41:9119–9134. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2DT30
427A
48. Wang H, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y (2019) Living Polymerization of Acrylamides Catalysed
by N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based Lewis Pairs. Polym Chem 10:3597–3603. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C9PY00427K
49. Beckett MA, Brassington DS, Coles SJ, Hursthouse MB (2000) Lewis Acidity of
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane: Crystal and Molecular Structure of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ·OPEt 3 . Inorg
Chem Commun 3:530–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-7003(00)00129-5
50. Heiden ZM, Lathem AP (2015) Establishing the Hydride Donor Abilities of Main Group
Hydrides. Organometallics 34:1818–1827. https://doi.org/10.1021/om5011512
51. Wang X, Hong M (2020) Precise Control of Molecular Weight and Stereospecificity in Lewis
Pair Polymerization of Semifluorinated Methacrylates: Mechanistic Studies and Stereocomplex
Formation. Macromolecules 53:4659–4669. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00553
315
34. Zhang H, Nie Y, Zhi X, Du H, Yang J (2017) Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of αAmino Acid N-Carboxy-Anhydride by Frustrated Amine/Borane Lewis Pairs. Chem Commun
53:5155–5158. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7CC01440F
35. Zhang D, Boopathi SK, Hadjichristidis N, Gnanou Y, Feng X (2016) Metal-Free Alternating
Copolymerization of CO 2 with Epoxides: Fulfilling “Green” Synthesis and Activity. J Am
Chem Soc 138:11117–11120. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b06679
36. Yang JL, Wu HL, Li Y, Zhang XH, Darensbourg DJ (2017) Perfectly Alternating and Regioselective Copolymerization of Carbonyl Sulfide and Epoxides by Metal-Free Lewis Pairs. Angew
Chem Int Ed 56:5774–5779. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201701780
37. Ji HY, Wang B, Pan L, Li YS (2018) Lewis Pairs for Ring-Opening Alternating Copolymerization of Cyclic Anhydrides and Epoxides. Green Chem 20:641–648. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C7GC03261G
38. Bai Y, He J, Zhang Y (2018) Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polymers Produced by the “Immortal” Phosphine-Based Catalyst System. Angew Chem Int Ed 57:17230–17234. https://doi.org/
10.1002/anie.201811946
39. Jia YB, Wang YB, Ren WM, Xu T, Wang J, Lu XB (2014) Mechanistic Aspects of Initiation
and Deactivation in N-Heterocyclic Olefin Mediated Polymerization of Acrylates with Alane
as Activator. Macromolecules 47:1966–1972. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma500047d
40. He J, Zhang Y, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX (2014) Chain Propagation
and Termination Mechanisms for Polymerization of Conjugated Polar Alkenes by [Al]-Based
Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Macromolecules 47:7765–7774. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma5019389
41. Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang YT (2020) Rapid and Scalable Access to Sequence-Controlled
DHDM Multiblock Copolymers by FLP Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed 59:11613–
11619. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202004013
42. Zhao W, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y (2019) Chemoselective and Living/Controlled Polymerization
of Polar Divinyl Monomers by N-Heterocyclic Olefin Based Classical and Frustrated Lewis
Pairs. Polym Chem 10:4328–4335. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9PY00626E
43. Chen J, Chen EYX (2015) Lewis pair Polymerization of Acrylic Monomers by N-Heterocyclic
Carbenes and B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 . Isr J Chem 55:216–225. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201400136
44. Gowda RR, Chen EYX (2017) Chemoselective Lewis Pair Polymerization of Renewable
Multivinyl-Functionalized γ-Butyrolactones. Philos Trans R Soc A 375:20170003. https://
doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0003
45. Xu P, Wu L, Dong L, Xu X (2018) Chemoselective Polymerization of Polar Divinyl Monomers
with Rare-Earth/Phosphine Lewis Pairs. Molecules 23:360. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules
23020360
46. Zhang P, Zhou H, Lu XB (2019) Living and Chemoselective (Co)polymerization of Polar
Divinyl Monomers Mediated by Bulky Lewis Pairs. Macromolecules 52:4520–4525. https://
doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00652
47. Zhang Y, Miyake GM, John MG, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX (2012) Lewis
Pair Polymerization by Classical and Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Acid, Base and Monomer Scope
and Polymerization Mechanism. Dalton Trans 41:9119–9134. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2DT30
427A
48. Wang H, Wang Q, He J, Zhang Y (2019) Living Polymerization of Acrylamides Catalysed
by N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based Lewis Pairs. Polym Chem 10:3597–3603. https://doi.org/10.
1039/C9PY00427K
49. Beckett MA, Brassington DS, Coles SJ, Hursthouse MB (2000) Lewis Acidity of
Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane: Crystal and Molecular Structure of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ·OPEt 3 . Inorg
Chem Commun 3:530–533. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1387-7003(00)00129-5
50. Heiden ZM, Lathem AP (2015) Establishing the Hydride Donor Abilities of Main Group
Hydrides. Organometallics 34:1818–1827. https://doi.org/10.1021/om5011512
51. Wang X, Hong M (2020) Precise Control of Molecular Weight and Stereospecificity in Lewis
Pair Polymerization of Semifluorinated Methacrylates: Mechanistic Studies and Stereocomplex
Formation. Macromolecules 53:4659–4669. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00553