314
M. Hong
16. Vlˇ cek P, Lochmann L (1999) Anionic Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylate Esters in the Presence
of Stabilizers of Active Centres. Prog Polym Sci 24:793–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00796700(99)00017-9
17. Vanbeylen M, Bywater S, Smets G, Szwarc M, Worsfold DJ (1988) Developments in AnionicPolymerization - A Critical Review. Adv Polym Sci 86:87–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb
0025275
18. Brown HA, Waymouth RM (2013) Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization for the
Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers. Acc Chem Res 46:2585–2596. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ar400072z
19. Kamber NE, Jeong W, Waymouth RM, Pratt RC, Lohmeijer BGG, Hedrick JL (2007)
Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization. Chem Rev 107:5813–5840. https://doi.org/10.
1021/cr068415b
20. Fèvre M, Pinaud J, Gnanou Y, Vignolle J, Taton D (2013) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)
as Organocatalysts and Structural Components in Metal-Free Polymer Synthesis. Chem Soc
Rev 42:2142–2172. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35383K
21. Chen EYX (2009) Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Single-Site Metal
Catalysts. Chem Rev 109:5157–5214. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9000258
22. Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B (2016) Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev
116:1993–2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313
23. Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF (2015) Discrete Cationic Complexes for Ring-Opening Polymerization
Catalysis of Cyclic Esters and Epoxides. Chem Rev 115:3564–3614. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acs.chemrev.5b00033
24. Xu T, Chen EYX (2014) Probing Site Cooperativity of Frustrated Phosphine/Borane Lewis
Pairs by a Polymerization Study. J Am Chem Soc 136:1774–1777. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4
12445n
25. Jia YB, Ren WM, Liu SJ, Xu T, Wang YB, Lu XB (2014) Controlled Divinyl Monomer Polymerization Mediated by Lewis Pairs: A Powerful Synthetic Strategy for Functional Polymers.
ACS Macro Lett 3:896–899. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz500437y
26. Knaus MGM, Giuman MM, Pöthig A, Rieger B (2016) End of Frustration: Catalytic Precision
Polymerization with Highly Interacting Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 138:7776–7781. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04129
27. Hosoi Y, Takasu A, Matsuoka S, Hayashi M (2017) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Initiated Anionic
Polymerization of (E,E)-Methyl Sorbate and Subsequent Ring-Closing to Cyclic Poly(Alkyl
Sorbate). J Am Chem Soc 139:15005–15012. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b06897
28. Wang Q, Zhao W, Zhang S, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX (2018) Living Polymerization of
Conjugated Polar Alkenes Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs.
ACS Catal 8:3571–3578. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00333
29. Xu P, Yao Y, Xu X (2017) Frustrated Lewis Pair-Like Reactivity of Rare-Earth Metal
Complexes: 1,4-Addition Reactions and Polymerizations of Conjugated Polar Alkenes. Chem
Eur J 23:1263–1267. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605622
30. Xu P, Xu X (2018) Homoleptic Rare-Earth Aryloxide Based Lewis Pairs for Polymerization of
Conjugated Polar Alkenes. ACS Catal 8:198–202. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b02875
31. Piedra-Arroni E, Ladavière C, Amgoune A, Bourissou D (2013) Ring-Opening Polymerization
with Zn(C 6 F 5 ) 2 -Based Lewis Pairs: Original and Efficient Approach to Cyclic Polyesters. J
Am Chem Soc 135:13306–13309. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4069968
32. Naumann S, Scholten PBV, Wilson JA, Dove AP (2015) Dual Catalysis for Selective
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones: Evolution Toward Simplicity. J Am Chem Soc
137:14439–14445. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b09502
33. Wang Q, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX (2017) Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones by N-Heterocyclic Olefin/Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Lewis Pairs: Structures of Intermediates, Kinetics, and Mechanism. Macromolecules 50:123–136. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.mac
romol.6b02398
M. Hong
16. Vlˇ cek P, Lochmann L (1999) Anionic Polymerization of (Meth)Acrylate Esters in the Presence
of Stabilizers of Active Centres. Prog Polym Sci 24:793–873. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00796700(99)00017-9
17. Vanbeylen M, Bywater S, Smets G, Szwarc M, Worsfold DJ (1988) Developments in AnionicPolymerization - A Critical Review. Adv Polym Sci 86:87–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb
0025275
18. Brown HA, Waymouth RM (2013) Zwitterionic Ring-Opening Polymerization for the
Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Cyclic Polymers. Acc Chem Res 46:2585–2596. https://
doi.org/10.1021/ar400072z
19. Kamber NE, Jeong W, Waymouth RM, Pratt RC, Lohmeijer BGG, Hedrick JL (2007)
Organocatalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization. Chem Rev 107:5813–5840. https://doi.org/10.
1021/cr068415b
20. Fèvre M, Pinaud J, Gnanou Y, Vignolle J, Taton D (2013) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs)
as Organocatalysts and Structural Components in Metal-Free Polymer Synthesis. Chem Soc
Rev 42:2142–2172. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS35383K
21. Chen EYX (2009) Coordination Polymerization of Polar Vinyl Monomers by Single-Site Metal
Catalysts. Chem Rev 109:5157–5214. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9000258
22. Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B (2016) Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev
116:1993–2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313
23. Sarazin Y, Carpentier JF (2015) Discrete Cationic Complexes for Ring-Opening Polymerization
Catalysis of Cyclic Esters and Epoxides. Chem Rev 115:3564–3614. https://doi.org/10.1021/
acs.chemrev.5b00033
24. Xu T, Chen EYX (2014) Probing Site Cooperativity of Frustrated Phosphine/Borane Lewis
Pairs by a Polymerization Study. J Am Chem Soc 136:1774–1777. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4
12445n
25. Jia YB, Ren WM, Liu SJ, Xu T, Wang YB, Lu XB (2014) Controlled Divinyl Monomer Polymerization Mediated by Lewis Pairs: A Powerful Synthetic Strategy for Functional Polymers.
ACS Macro Lett 3:896–899. https://doi.org/10.1021/mz500437y
26. Knaus MGM, Giuman MM, Pöthig A, Rieger B (2016) End of Frustration: Catalytic Precision
Polymerization with Highly Interacting Lewis Pairs. J Am Chem Soc 138:7776–7781. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b04129
27. Hosoi Y, Takasu A, Matsuoka S, Hayashi M (2017) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Initiated Anionic
Polymerization of (E,E)-Methyl Sorbate and Subsequent Ring-Closing to Cyclic Poly(Alkyl
Sorbate). J Am Chem Soc 139:15005–15012. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b06897
28. Wang Q, Zhao W, Zhang S, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX (2018) Living Polymerization of
Conjugated Polar Alkenes Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs.
ACS Catal 8:3571–3578. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b00333
29. Xu P, Yao Y, Xu X (2017) Frustrated Lewis Pair-Like Reactivity of Rare-Earth Metal
Complexes: 1,4-Addition Reactions and Polymerizations of Conjugated Polar Alkenes. Chem
Eur J 23:1263–1267. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201605622
30. Xu P, Xu X (2018) Homoleptic Rare-Earth Aryloxide Based Lewis Pairs for Polymerization of
Conjugated Polar Alkenes. ACS Catal 8:198–202. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b02875
31. Piedra-Arroni E, Ladavière C, Amgoune A, Bourissou D (2013) Ring-Opening Polymerization
with Zn(C 6 F 5 ) 2 -Based Lewis Pairs: Original and Efficient Approach to Cyclic Polyesters. J
Am Chem Soc 135:13306–13309. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4069968
32. Naumann S, Scholten PBV, Wilson JA, Dove AP (2015) Dual Catalysis for Selective
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones: Evolution Toward Simplicity. J Am Chem Soc
137:14439–14445. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b09502
33. Wang Q, Zhao W, He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX (2017) Living Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactones by N-Heterocyclic Olefin/Al(C 6 F 5 ) 3 Lewis Pairs: Structures of Intermediates, Kinetics, and Mechanism. Macromolecules 50:123–136. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.mac
romol.6b02398