180
Y. Li et al.
344. Chen Z, Higgins D, Chen Z (2010) Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes and their impact on the
oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Carbon 48:3057–3065
345. Li H, Liu H, Jong Z et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with high activity for
oxygen reduction in alkaline media. Int J Hydr Energy 36:2258–2265
346. Rao CV, Cabrera CR, Ishikawa Y (2010) In search of the active site in nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotube electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 1:2622–2627
347. Liu S, Zhang Y, Lin Y et al (2014) Tailoring the structure and nitrogen content of nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes by water-assisted growth. Carbon 69:247–254
348. You C, Liao S, Li H et al (2014) Uniform nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanospheres
as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Carbon 69:294–301
349. Li L, Qin Z-Y, Liang X et al (2009) Facile Ffabrication of uniform core-shell structured carbon
nanotube-polyaniline nanocomposites. J Phys Chem C 113:5502–5507
350. Jin C, Nagaiah TC, Xia W et al (2013) Metal-free and electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction
on nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotube modofied glassy carbon electrodes.
Electrochim Acta 87:709–716
351. Vikkisk M, Kruusenberg I, Joost U et al (2013) Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction
on nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes.
Electrochim Acta 87:709–716
352. Yu D, Zhang Q, Dai L (2010) Highly efficient metal-free growth of nitrogen-doped singlewalled carbon nanotubes on plasma-etched substrates for oxygen reduction. J Am Chem Soc
132:15127–15129
353. Xiong W, Du F, Liu Y et al (2010) 3-D carbon nanotube structures used as high performance
catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J Am Chem Soc 132:15839–15841
354. Liu J, Sasaki K, Lyth SM (2013) Electrochemical oxygen reduction on metal-free nitrogendoped graphene foam in acidic media. ECS Trans 58:1529–1540
355. Yi J-Y, Bernholc J (1993) Atomic structure and doping of microtubules. Phys Rev B 47:1708–
1711
356. Susi T, Kaskela A, Zhu Z et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotube thin
films exhibiting anomalous sheet resistances. Chem Mater 23:2201–2208
357. Liu Y, Zhan F, Wang BQ et al (2019) Three-dimensional composite catalysts for AlO 2 batteries composed of CoMn 2 O 4 nanoneedles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotubes/graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:21526–21535
358. Su H, Wang X-T, Hu J-X, et al. (2019) Co-Mn spinel supported self-catalysis induced Ndoped carbon nanotubes with high efficiency electron transport channels for zinc-air batteries.
J Mater Chem A
359. Wiggins-Camacho JD, Stevenson KJ (2011) Mechanistic discussion of the oxygen reduction
reaction at nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem C 115:20002–20010
360. Zhao H, Xing T, Li L et al (2019) Synthesis of cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes
and its ORR activity as the catalyst used in hydrogen fuel cells. Int. J, Hydrogen Energy
361. Gao F, Zhao G-L, Yang S (2014) Catalytic reactions on the open-edge sites of nitrogen-doped
carbon nanotubes as cathode catalyst for hydrogen fuel cells. ACS Catal 4:1267–1273
362. Yang L, Jiang S, Zhao Y et al (2011) Boron-doped carbon nanotubes as metal-free
electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7132–7135
363. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV et al (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin
carbon films. Science 306:666–669
364. Li H, Sun C, Liu H et al (2019) Aerogels fabricated with origami graphene part I: preparation
and mechanical behavior. J Alloy Comp 783:486–493
365. Bunch JS, Van Der Zande AM, Verbridge SS et al (2007) Electromechanical resonators from
graphene sheets. Science 315:490–493
366. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW et al (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic
strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–388
367. Mortazavi B, Shahrokhi M, Raeisi M et al (2019) Outstanding strength, optical characteristics
and thermal conductivity of graphene-like BC 3 and BC 6 N semiconductors. Carbon 149:733–
742
Y. Li et al.
344. Chen Z, Higgins D, Chen Z (2010) Nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes and their impact on the
oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Carbon 48:3057–3065
345. Li H, Liu H, Jong Z et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes with high activity for
oxygen reduction in alkaline media. Int J Hydr Energy 36:2258–2265
346. Rao CV, Cabrera CR, Ishikawa Y (2010) In search of the active site in nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotube electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 1:2622–2627
347. Liu S, Zhang Y, Lin Y et al (2014) Tailoring the structure and nitrogen content of nitrogendoped carbon nanotubes by water-assisted growth. Carbon 69:247–254
348. You C, Liao S, Li H et al (2014) Uniform nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon nanospheres
as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Carbon 69:294–301
349. Li L, Qin Z-Y, Liang X et al (2009) Facile Ffabrication of uniform core-shell structured carbon
nanotube-polyaniline nanocomposites. J Phys Chem C 113:5502–5507
350. Jin C, Nagaiah TC, Xia W et al (2013) Metal-free and electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction
on nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotube modofied glassy carbon electrodes.
Electrochim Acta 87:709–716
351. Vikkisk M, Kruusenberg I, Joost U et al (2013) Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction
on nitrogen-containing multi-walled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrodes.
Electrochim Acta 87:709–716
352. Yu D, Zhang Q, Dai L (2010) Highly efficient metal-free growth of nitrogen-doped singlewalled carbon nanotubes on plasma-etched substrates for oxygen reduction. J Am Chem Soc
132:15127–15129
353. Xiong W, Du F, Liu Y et al (2010) 3-D carbon nanotube structures used as high performance
catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. J Am Chem Soc 132:15839–15841
354. Liu J, Sasaki K, Lyth SM (2013) Electrochemical oxygen reduction on metal-free nitrogendoped graphene foam in acidic media. ECS Trans 58:1529–1540
355. Yi J-Y, Bernholc J (1993) Atomic structure and doping of microtubules. Phys Rev B 47:1708–
1711
356. Susi T, Kaskela A, Zhu Z et al (2011) Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotube thin
films exhibiting anomalous sheet resistances. Chem Mater 23:2201–2208
357. Liu Y, Zhan F, Wang BQ et al (2019) Three-dimensional composite catalysts for AlO 2 batteries composed of CoMn 2 O 4 nanoneedles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon
nanotubes/graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:21526–21535
358. Su H, Wang X-T, Hu J-X, et al. (2019) Co-Mn spinel supported self-catalysis induced Ndoped carbon nanotubes with high efficiency electron transport channels for zinc-air batteries.
J Mater Chem A
359. Wiggins-Camacho JD, Stevenson KJ (2011) Mechanistic discussion of the oxygen reduction
reaction at nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem C 115:20002–20010
360. Zhao H, Xing T, Li L et al (2019) Synthesis of cobalt and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes
and its ORR activity as the catalyst used in hydrogen fuel cells. Int. J, Hydrogen Energy
361. Gao F, Zhao G-L, Yang S (2014) Catalytic reactions on the open-edge sites of nitrogen-doped
carbon nanotubes as cathode catalyst for hydrogen fuel cells. ACS Catal 4:1267–1273
362. Yang L, Jiang S, Zhao Y et al (2011) Boron-doped carbon nanotubes as metal-free
electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:7132–7135
363. Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV et al (2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin
carbon films. Science 306:666–669
364. Li H, Sun C, Liu H et al (2019) Aerogels fabricated with origami graphene part I: preparation
and mechanical behavior. J Alloy Comp 783:486–493
365. Bunch JS, Van Der Zande AM, Verbridge SS et al (2007) Electromechanical resonators from
graphene sheets. Science 315:490–493
366. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar JW et al (2008) Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic
strength of monolayer graphene. Science 321:385–388
367. Mortazavi B, Shahrokhi M, Raeisi M et al (2019) Outstanding strength, optical characteristics
and thermal conductivity of graphene-like BC 3 and BC 6 N semiconductors. Carbon 149:733–
742