4 Catalyst Materials for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
169
110. Keller N, Pietruszka B, Keller V (2006) A new one-dimensional tungsten carbide nanostructured material. Mater Lett 60:1774–1777
111. Shao Y, Yin G, Gao Y (2007) Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of
Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell. J Power Sourc 171:558–566
112. Shao Y, Yin G, Wang Z, Gao Y (2007) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell from low
temperature to high temperature: material challenges. J Power Sourc 167:235–242
113. Shanmugam S, Jacob DS, Gedanken A (2005) Solid state synthesis of tungsten carbide
nanorods and nanoplatelets by a single-step pyrolysis. J Phys Chem B 109:19056–19059
114. Zellnera MB, Chen JG (2005) Surface science and electrochemical studies of WC and W 2 C
PVD films as potential electrocatalysts. Catal Today 99:299–307
115. Chhina H, Campbell S, Kesler O (2007) Thermal and electrochemical stability of tungsten
carbide catalyst supports. J Power Sourc 164:431–440
116. Chen JG (1996) Carbide and nitride overlayers on early transition metal surfaces: preparation,
characterization, and reactivities. Chem Rev 96:1477–1498
117. McGee RC, Bej SK, Thompson LT (2005) Basic properties of molybdenum and tungsten
nitride catalysts. Appl Catal A 284:139–146
118. Youn DH, Bae G, Han S, Kim JY, Jang J-W, Park H, Choi SH, Lee JS (2013) A highly
efficient transition metal nitride-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction: TiN on
a CNT-graphene hybrid support. J Mater Chem A 1:8007–8015
119. Chen J, Takanabe K, Ohnishi R, Lu D, Okada S, Hatasawa H, Morioka H, Antonietti M,
Kubota J, Domen K (2010) Nano-sized TiN on carbon black as an efficient electrocatalyst
for the oxygen reduction reaction prepared using an mpg-C 3 N 4 template. Chem Commun
46:7492–7494
120. Luo JM, Tang HB, Tian XL, Liao SJ, Ren JW, Zhao WY, Qiao XC (2019) Glucose-derived
carbon supported well-dispersed CrN as competitive oxygen reduction catalysts in acidic
medium. Electrochim Acta 314:202–211
121. Chen J, Wei X, Zhang J, Luo Y, Chen YH, Wang G, Wang RL (2019) Titanium Nitride Hollow
Spheres Consisting of TiN Nanosheets and Their Controllable Carbon-Nitrogen Active Sites
as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 588:2741–
2748
122. Cui Z, Burns RG, DiSalvo FJ (2013) Mesoporous Ti 0.5 Nb 0.5 N ternary nitride as a novel
noncarbon support for oxygen reduction reaction in acid and alkaline electrolytes. Chem
Mater 25:3782–3784
123. Yang M, Van Wassen AR, Guarecuco R, Abruna HD, DiSalvo FJ (2013) Nano-structured
ternary niobium titanium nitrides as durable non-carbon supports for oxygen reduction
reaction. Chem Commun 49:10853–10855
124. Yang M, Cui Z, DiSalvo FJ (2012) Mesoporous vanadium nitride as a high performance
catalyst support for formic acid electrooxidation. Chem Commun 48:10502–10504
125. Kumar R, Pasupathi S, Pollet BG, Scott K (2013) Nafion-stabilised platinum nanoparticles
supported on titanium nitride: An efficient and durable electrocatalyst for phosphoric acid
based polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 109:365–369
126. Pan Z, Xiao Y, Fu Z, Zhan G, Wu S, Xiao C, Hu G, Wei Z (2014) Hollow and porous titanium
nitride nanotubes as high performance catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater
Chem A 2:13966–13975
127. Chen Z, Higgins D, Yu A, Zhang L, Zhang J (2011) A review on non-precious metal
electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 4:3167–3192
128. Ham DJ, Lee JS (2009) Transition metal carbides and nitrides as electrode materials for low
temperature fuel cells. Energies 2:873–899
129. Greeley J, Rossmeisl J, Hellmann A, Norskov J (2007) Theoretical trends in particle size
effects for the oxygen reduction reaction. Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie 221(9–
10):1209–1220
130. Han B, Miranda C, Ceder G (2008) Effect of particle size and surface structure on adsorption
of O and OH on platinum nanoparticles: A first-principles study. Phy Rev B 77(7):075410
169
110. Keller N, Pietruszka B, Keller V (2006) A new one-dimensional tungsten carbide nanostructured material. Mater Lett 60:1774–1777
111. Shao Y, Yin G, Gao Y (2007) Understanding and approaches for the durability issues of
Pt-based catalysts for PEM fuel cell. J Power Sourc 171:558–566
112. Shao Y, Yin G, Wang Z, Gao Y (2007) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell from low
temperature to high temperature: material challenges. J Power Sourc 167:235–242
113. Shanmugam S, Jacob DS, Gedanken A (2005) Solid state synthesis of tungsten carbide
nanorods and nanoplatelets by a single-step pyrolysis. J Phys Chem B 109:19056–19059
114. Zellnera MB, Chen JG (2005) Surface science and electrochemical studies of WC and W 2 C
PVD films as potential electrocatalysts. Catal Today 99:299–307
115. Chhina H, Campbell S, Kesler O (2007) Thermal and electrochemical stability of tungsten
carbide catalyst supports. J Power Sourc 164:431–440
116. Chen JG (1996) Carbide and nitride overlayers on early transition metal surfaces: preparation,
characterization, and reactivities. Chem Rev 96:1477–1498
117. McGee RC, Bej SK, Thompson LT (2005) Basic properties of molybdenum and tungsten
nitride catalysts. Appl Catal A 284:139–146
118. Youn DH, Bae G, Han S, Kim JY, Jang J-W, Park H, Choi SH, Lee JS (2013) A highly
efficient transition metal nitride-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction: TiN on
a CNT-graphene hybrid support. J Mater Chem A 1:8007–8015
119. Chen J, Takanabe K, Ohnishi R, Lu D, Okada S, Hatasawa H, Morioka H, Antonietti M,
Kubota J, Domen K (2010) Nano-sized TiN on carbon black as an efficient electrocatalyst
for the oxygen reduction reaction prepared using an mpg-C 3 N 4 template. Chem Commun
46:7492–7494
120. Luo JM, Tang HB, Tian XL, Liao SJ, Ren JW, Zhao WY, Qiao XC (2019) Glucose-derived
carbon supported well-dispersed CrN as competitive oxygen reduction catalysts in acidic
medium. Electrochim Acta 314:202–211
121. Chen J, Wei X, Zhang J, Luo Y, Chen YH, Wang G, Wang RL (2019) Titanium Nitride Hollow
Spheres Consisting of TiN Nanosheets and Their Controllable Carbon-Nitrogen Active Sites
as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res 588:2741–
2748
122. Cui Z, Burns RG, DiSalvo FJ (2013) Mesoporous Ti 0.5 Nb 0.5 N ternary nitride as a novel
noncarbon support for oxygen reduction reaction in acid and alkaline electrolytes. Chem
Mater 25:3782–3784
123. Yang M, Van Wassen AR, Guarecuco R, Abruna HD, DiSalvo FJ (2013) Nano-structured
ternary niobium titanium nitrides as durable non-carbon supports for oxygen reduction
reaction. Chem Commun 49:10853–10855
124. Yang M, Cui Z, DiSalvo FJ (2012) Mesoporous vanadium nitride as a high performance
catalyst support for formic acid electrooxidation. Chem Commun 48:10502–10504
125. Kumar R, Pasupathi S, Pollet BG, Scott K (2013) Nafion-stabilised platinum nanoparticles
supported on titanium nitride: An efficient and durable electrocatalyst for phosphoric acid
based polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 109:365–369
126. Pan Z, Xiao Y, Fu Z, Zhan G, Wu S, Xiao C, Hu G, Wei Z (2014) Hollow and porous titanium
nitride nanotubes as high performance catalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction. J Mater
Chem A 2:13966–13975
127. Chen Z, Higgins D, Yu A, Zhang L, Zhang J (2011) A review on non-precious metal
electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Energy Environ Sci 4:3167–3192
128. Ham DJ, Lee JS (2009) Transition metal carbides and nitrides as electrode materials for low
temperature fuel cells. Energies 2:873–899
129. Greeley J, Rossmeisl J, Hellmann A, Norskov J (2007) Theoretical trends in particle size
effects for the oxygen reduction reaction. Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie 221(9–
10):1209–1220
130. Han B, Miranda C, Ceder G (2008) Effect of particle size and surface structure on adsorption
of O and OH on platinum nanoparticles: A first-principles study. Phy Rev B 77(7):075410