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73. S. Takamura, N. Ohno, D. Nishijima, S. Kajita, Formation of nanostructured tungsten with
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74. M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner, Helium induced nanoscopic morphology on tungsten under
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75. P. Fiflis, N. Connolly, D.N. Ruzic, Experimental mechanistic investigation of the
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76. R.P. Doerner, D. Nishijima, S.I. Krasheninnikov, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M. Zach, Motion of W
and He atoms during formation of W fuzz. Nucl. Fusion 58, 066005 (2018)
77. K. Heinola, T. Ahlgren, K. Nordlund, J. Keinonen, Hydrogen interaction with point defects in
tungsten. Phys. Rev. B 82, 094102 (2010)
78. Y.-L. Liu, H.-B. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Investigating behaviors of H in a W single crystal by firstprinciples: From solubility to interaction with vacancy. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 8277–8282
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formation in W due to low-energy high flux deuterium plasma exposure. Nucl. Fusion 57,
034003 (2017)
60. M. Miyamoto, D. Nishijima, M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner, Y. Ueda, K. Yasunaga, N. Yoshida,
K. Ono, Microscopic damage of tungsten exposed to deuterium-hydrogen mixture plasma in
PISCES and its impacts on retention property. J. Nucl. Mater. 415, S657–S660 (2011)
61. V.K. Alimov, B. Tyburska-Püschel, S. Lindig, Y. Hatano, M. Balden, J. Roth, K. Isobe,
M. Matsuyama, T. Yamanishi, Temperature dependence of surface morphology and deuterium
retention in polycrystalline ITER-grade tungsten exposed to low-energy, high-flux D
plasma. J. Nucl. Mater. 420, 519–524 (2012)
62. T.J. Petty, M.J. Baldwin, M.I. Hasan, R.P. Doerner, J.W. Bradley, Tungsten ‘fuzz’ growth
re-examined: The dependence on ion fluence in non-erosive and erosive helium plasma. Nucl.
Fusion 55, 093033 (2015)
63. W.R. Wampler, R.P. Doerner, The influence of displacement damage on deuterium retention
in tungsten exposed to plasma. Nucl. Fusion 49, 115023 (2009)
64. D. Terentyev, A. Dubinko, A. Bakaeva, G. De Temmerman, Strong sub-surface plastic
deformation induced by high flux plasma in tungsten. Fusion Eng. Des. 124, 405–409 (2017)
65. R.P. Doerner, M.J. Baldwin, T.C. Lynch, J.H. Yu, Retention in tungsten resulting from
extremely high fluence plasma exposure. Nucl. Mater. Energy 9, 89–92 (2016)
66. K.D. Hammond, S. Blondel, L. Hu, D. Maroudas, B.D. Wirth, Large-scale atomistic simulations of low-energy helium implantation into tungsten single crystals. Acta Mater. 144,
561–578 (2018)
67. S.I. Krasheninnikov, T. Farley, B.D. Wirth, On helium cluster dynamics in tungsten plasma
facing components of fusion devices. Nucl. Fusion 54, 073019 (2014)
68. F. Sefta, K.D. Hammond, N. Juslin, B.D. Wirth, Tungsten surface evolution by helium bubble
nucleation, growth and rupture. Nucl. Fusion 53, 073015 (2013)
69. K.D. Hammond, B.D. Wirth, Erratum: “Crystal orientation effects on helium ion depth
distributions and adatom formation processes in plasma-facing tungsten”. J. Appl. Phys.
116, 143301 (2014)
70. F. Sefta, N. Juslin, B.D. Wirth, Helium bubble bursting in tungsten. J. Appl. Phys. 114,
243518 (2013)
71. M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner, Formation of helium induced nanostructure ‘fuzz’ on various
tungsten grades. J. Nucl. Mater. 404, 165–173 (2010)
72. K.B. Woller, D.G. Whyte, G.M. Wright, Isolated nano-tendril bundles on tungsten surfaces
exposed to radiofrequency helium plasma. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 1282–1287 (2017)
73. S. Takamura, N. Ohno, D. Nishijima, S. Kajita, Formation of nanostructured tungsten with
arborescent shape due to helium plasma irradiation. Plasma Fusion Res. 1, 051 (2006)
74. M.J. Baldwin, R.P. Doerner, Helium induced nanoscopic morphology on tungsten under
fusion relevant plasma conditions. Nucl. Fusion 48, 035001 (2008)
75. P. Fiflis, N. Connolly, D.N. Ruzic, Experimental mechanistic investigation of the
nanostructuring of tungsten with low energy helium plasmas. J. Nucl. Mater. 482, 201 (2016)
76. R.P. Doerner, D. Nishijima, S.I. Krasheninnikov, T. Schwarz-Selinger, M. Zach, Motion of W
and He atoms during formation of W fuzz. Nucl. Fusion 58, 066005 (2018)
77. K. Heinola, T. Ahlgren, K. Nordlund, J. Keinonen, Hydrogen interaction with point defects in
tungsten. Phys. Rev. B 82, 094102 (2010)
78. Y.-L. Liu, H.-B. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Investigating behaviors of H in a W single crystal by firstprinciples: From solubility to interaction with vacancy. J. Alloys Compd. 509, 8277–8282
(2011)
79. K. Ohsawa, K. Eguchi, H. Watanabe, M. Yamaguchi, M. Yagi, Configuration and binding
energy of multiple hydrogen atoms trapped in monovacancy in bcc transition metals. Phys.
Rev. B 85, 094102 (2012)
80. N. Fernandez, Y. Ferro, D. Kato, Hydrogen diffusion and vacancies formation in tungsten:
Density functional theory calculations and statistical models. Acta Mater. 94, 307–318 (2015)
References
69