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59. U. Wenzel, K. Behringer, A. Carlson, J. Gafert, B. Napiontek, A. Thoma, Volume recombination in divertor I of ASDEX Upgrade. Nucl. Fusion 39, 873–882 (1999)
60. A. Tabasso, J. Dowling, J.-W. Ahn, G. Cunningham, A. Kirk, G. Mcardle, M. Price, The MAST
TEAM, Analysis of the progress to detachment in the divertor of the MAST tokamak. J. Nucl.
Mater. 313–316, 936–940 (2003)
61. V.A. Soukhanovskii, R. Maingi, D.A. Gates, J.E. Menard, S.F. Paul, R. Raman,
A.L. Roquemore, R.E. Bell, C.E. Bush, R. Kaita, H.W. Kugel, B.P. LeBlanc, D. Mueller, the
NSTX Team, Divertor heat flux mitigation in high-performance H-mode discharges in the
National Spherical Torus Experiment. Nucl. Fusion 49, 095025 (2009)
62. J.R. Harrison, W.A.J. Vijvers, C. Theiler, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, B. Labit, S.H.M. van Limpt,
S.W. Lisgo, C.K. Tsui, H. Reimerdes, U. Sheikh, K.H.S. Verhaegh, M. Wischmeier, the MST1
and TCV Teams, Detachment evolution on the TCV tokamak. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12,
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63. B. Lipschultz, J.L. Terry, C. Boswell, J.A. Goetz, A.E. Hubbard, S.I. Krasheninnikov,
B. LaBombard, D.A. Pappas, C.S. Pitcher, F. Wising, S. Wukitch, The role of particle sinks
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64. B. Lipschultz, private communication, 2019
65. R.D. Monk, A. Loarte, A. Chankin, S. Clement, S.J. Davis, J.K. Ehrenberg, G.Y. Guo,
J. Lingertat, G.F. Matthews, M.F. Stamp, P.C. Stangeby, Interpretation of ion flux and electron
temperature profiles at the JET divertor target during high recycling and detached
discharges. J. Nucl. Mater. 241–243, 396–401 (1997)
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Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, vol. 1 (ed. by M. A. Leontovich, Pergamon, Oxford, 1961),
pp. 1–47
46. B. Lehnert, Screening of a high-density plasma from neutral gas penetration. Nucl. Fusion 8,
173–181 (1968)
47. F.H. Tenney, Divertor operation in the Princeton reference design model tokamak
reactor. J. Nucl. Mater. 53, 43–47 (1974)
48. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, Super-dense regimes of the divertor in tokamak reactor.
Nucl. Fusion Supplement 3, 387–394 (1987)
49. F. Wising, D.A. Knoll, S.I. Krasheninnikov, T.D. Rognlien, D.J. Sigmar, Simulation of
detachment in ITER-geometry using the UEDGE code and fluid neutral model. Contrib. Plasma
Phys. 36, 309–313 (1996)
50. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, A.A. Pshenov, Divertor plasma detachment. Phys.
Plasmas 23, 055602 (2016)
51. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, Physics of ultimate detachment of a tokamak divertor
plasma. J. Plasma Phys. 83, 155830501 (2017)
52. A.A. Pshenov, A.S. Kukushkin, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Energy balance in plasma detachment.
Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 948–952 (2017)
53. A.Y. Pigarov, Detached divertor with acceptable separatrix Z eff . Phys. Plasmas 24, 102521
(2017)
54. P. Helander, S.I. Krasheninnikov, P.J. Catto, Fluid equations for a partially ionized plasma.
Phys. Plasmas 1, 3174–3180 (1994)
55. J.L. Terry, B. Lipschultz, A.Y. Pigarov, S.I. Krasheninnikov, B. Labombard, D. Lumma,
H. Ohkawa, D. Pappas, M. Umansky, Volume recombination and opacity in Alcator C-Mod
divertor plasmas. Phys. Plasmas 5, 1759–1766 (1998)
56. V.A. Soukhanovskii, D.W. Johnson, R. Kaita, A.L. Roquemore, Electron density measurements in the National Spherical Torus Experiment detached divertor region using Stark
broadening of deuterium infrared Paschen emission lines. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 10F127 (2006)
57. R.C. Isler, G.R. Mckee, N.H. Brooks, W.P. West, M.E. Fenstermacher, R.D. Wood, Signatures
of deuterium recombination in the DIII-D divertor. Phys. Plasmas 4, 2989–2996 (1997)
58. G.M. McCracken, M.F. Stamp, R.D. Monk, A.G. Meigs, J. Lingertat, R. Prentice, A. Starling,
R.J. Smith, A. Tabasso, Evidence for volume recombination in JET detached divertor plasmas.
Nucl. Fusion 38, 619–629 (1998)
59. U. Wenzel, K. Behringer, A. Carlson, J. Gafert, B. Napiontek, A. Thoma, Volume recombination in divertor I of ASDEX Upgrade. Nucl. Fusion 39, 873–882 (1999)
60. A. Tabasso, J. Dowling, J.-W. Ahn, G. Cunningham, A. Kirk, G. Mcardle, M. Price, The MAST
TEAM, Analysis of the progress to detachment in the divertor of the MAST tokamak. J. Nucl.
Mater. 313–316, 936–940 (2003)
61. V.A. Soukhanovskii, R. Maingi, D.A. Gates, J.E. Menard, S.F. Paul, R. Raman,
A.L. Roquemore, R.E. Bell, C.E. Bush, R. Kaita, H.W. Kugel, B.P. LeBlanc, D. Mueller, the
NSTX Team, Divertor heat flux mitigation in high-performance H-mode discharges in the
National Spherical Torus Experiment. Nucl. Fusion 49, 095025 (2009)
62. J.R. Harrison, W.A.J. Vijvers, C. Theiler, B.P. Duval, S. Elmore, B. Labit, S.H.M. van Limpt,
S.W. Lisgo, C.K. Tsui, H. Reimerdes, U. Sheikh, K.H.S. Verhaegh, M. Wischmeier, the MST1
and TCV Teams, Detachment evolution on the TCV tokamak. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12,
1071–1076 (2017)
63. B. Lipschultz, J.L. Terry, C. Boswell, J.A. Goetz, A.E. Hubbard, S.I. Krasheninnikov,
B. LaBombard, D.A. Pappas, C.S. Pitcher, F. Wising, S. Wukitch, The role of particle sinks
and sources in Alcator C-Mod detached divertor discharges. Phys. Plasmas 6, 1907–1916
(1999)
64. B. Lipschultz, private communication, 2019
65. R.D. Monk, A. Loarte, A. Chankin, S. Clement, S.J. Davis, J.K. Ehrenberg, G.Y. Guo,
J. Lingertat, G.F. Matthews, M.F. Stamp, P.C. Stangeby, Interpretation of ion flux and electron
temperature profiles at the JET divertor target during high recycling and detached
discharges. J. Nucl. Mater. 241–243, 396–401 (1997)
References
255