23. G.M. McCracken, J. Allen, K. Axon, R. Barnsley, S.J. Fielding, D.H.J. Goodall, N. Hawkes,
J. Hugill, P.C. Johnson, G.F. Mathews, C.S. Pitcher, A study of detached plasma in the DITE
tokamak. J. Nucl. Mater. 145–147, 181–185 (1987)
24. U. Samm, P. Bogen, H.A. Classen, H. Gerhauser, H. Hartwig, E. Hintz, Y.T. Lie,
A. Pospieszczyk, D. Rusbüld, B. Schweer, Influence of impurity radiation losses on plasma
edge properties in TEXTOR. J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 273–277 (1990)
25. G.F. Matthews, Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters. J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222,
104–116 (1995)
26. U. Wenzel, P. Bachmann, A. Carlson, M. Laux, B. Napiontek, M. Weinlich, Relaxation
oscillations in the divertor of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Nucl. Fusion 37, 1343–1347
(1997)
27. A. Loarte, R.D. Monk, A.S. Kukushkin, E. Righi, D.J. Campbell, G.D. Conway, C.F. Maggi,
Self-sustained divertor plasma oscillations in the JET Tokamak. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3657–3660
(1999)
28. M. Kobayashi, S. Masuzaki, I. Yamada, N. Tamura, Y. Feng, K. Sato, M. Goto, Y. Narushima,
T. Akiyama, J. Miyazawa, M. Shoji, S. Morita, B.J. Peterson, H. Funaba, N. Ohyabu,
K. Narihara, T. Morisaki, H. Yamada, A. Komori, LHD Experimental Group, D. Reiter,
Detachment stabilization with n/m¼1/1 resonant magnetic perturbation field applied to the
stochastic magnetic boundary of the Large Helical Device. Phys. Plasmas 17, 056111 (2002)
29. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, V.I. Pistunovich, V.A. Pozharov, Poloidal-divertor
operating regimes with natural oscillations. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 11, 440–442 (1985)
30. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, V.I. Pistunovich, V.A. Pozharov, Self-sustained oscillations in the divertor plasma. Nucl. Fusion 27, 1805–1816 (1987)
31. K. Lackner, R. Chodura, M. Kaufman, J. Neuhauser, K.G. Rauh, W. Schneider, Control of
particle and energy transport across the boundary of a tokamak plasma. Plasma Phys. Control.
Fusion 26, 105–115 (1984)
32. K. Borras, Disruptive tokamak density limit as scrape-off layer/divertor phenomenon. Nucl.
Fusion 31, 1035–1051 (1991)
33. A.S. Kukushkin, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Bifurcations and oscillations in divertor plasma. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 61, 074001 (2019)
34. D. Coster, Characterization of oscillations observed in reduced physics SOLPS simulations.
Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 666–674 (2017)
35. Y. Shimomura, M. Kaufman, K. Lackner, H. Murman, Characteristics of the divertor plasma in
neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges. Nucl. Fusion 23, 869–879 (1983)
36. ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 4: Power and particle control. Nucl. Fusion 39, 2391–2469 (1999)
37. P.-H. Rebut, D. Boucher, D.J. Gambier, B.E. Keen, M.L. Watkins, The ITER challenge. Fusion
Eng. and Design 22, 7–18 (1993)
38. P.C. Stangeby, Can detached divertor plasmas be explained as self-sustained gas targets? Nucl.
Fusion 33, 1695–1705 (1993)
39. S.A. Self, H.N. Ewald, Static theory of a discharge column at intermediate pressures. Phys.
Fluids 9, 2486–2492 (1966)
40. W.L. Hsu, M. Yamada, P.J. Barret, Experimental simulation of the gaseous tokamak divertor.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1001–1004 (1982)
41. G. Fiksel, M. Kishinevsky, N. Hershkowitz, Experimental simulation of a gaseous plasma
collector. Phys. Fluids B 2, 837–841 (1990)
42. L. Schmitz, R. Lehmer, G. Chevalier, G. Tynan, P. Chia, R. Doerner, R.W. Conn, Experimental
simulation of the gaseous divertor concept in PISCES-A. J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 522–527
(1990)
43. S.I. Krasheninnikov, Divertor plasma detachment: Present status of understanding. Contrib.
Plasma Phys. 36, 293–303 (1996)
44. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, D.A. Knoll, B. Labombard, B. Lipschultz, D.J. Sigmar,
T.K. Soboleva, J.L. Terry, F. Wising, Plasma recombination and molecular effects in tokamak
divertors and divertor simulators. Phys. Plasmas 4, 1638–1646 (1997)
254
9 Physics of Some Edge Plasma Phenomena
J. Hugill, P.C. Johnson, G.F. Mathews, C.S. Pitcher, A study of detached plasma in the DITE
tokamak. J. Nucl. Mater. 145–147, 181–185 (1987)
24. U. Samm, P. Bogen, H.A. Classen, H. Gerhauser, H. Hartwig, E. Hintz, Y.T. Lie,
A. Pospieszczyk, D. Rusbüld, B. Schweer, Influence of impurity radiation losses on plasma
edge properties in TEXTOR. J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 273–277 (1990)
25. G.F. Matthews, Plasma detachment from divertor targets and limiters. J. Nucl. Mater. 220–222,
104–116 (1995)
26. U. Wenzel, P. Bachmann, A. Carlson, M. Laux, B. Napiontek, M. Weinlich, Relaxation
oscillations in the divertor of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Nucl. Fusion 37, 1343–1347
(1997)
27. A. Loarte, R.D. Monk, A.S. Kukushkin, E. Righi, D.J. Campbell, G.D. Conway, C.F. Maggi,
Self-sustained divertor plasma oscillations in the JET Tokamak. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3657–3660
(1999)
28. M. Kobayashi, S. Masuzaki, I. Yamada, N. Tamura, Y. Feng, K. Sato, M. Goto, Y. Narushima,
T. Akiyama, J. Miyazawa, M. Shoji, S. Morita, B.J. Peterson, H. Funaba, N. Ohyabu,
K. Narihara, T. Morisaki, H. Yamada, A. Komori, LHD Experimental Group, D. Reiter,
Detachment stabilization with n/m¼1/1 resonant magnetic perturbation field applied to the
stochastic magnetic boundary of the Large Helical Device. Phys. Plasmas 17, 056111 (2002)
29. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, V.I. Pistunovich, V.A. Pozharov, Poloidal-divertor
operating regimes with natural oscillations. Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 11, 440–442 (1985)
30. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.S. Kukushkin, V.I. Pistunovich, V.A. Pozharov, Self-sustained oscillations in the divertor plasma. Nucl. Fusion 27, 1805–1816 (1987)
31. K. Lackner, R. Chodura, M. Kaufman, J. Neuhauser, K.G. Rauh, W. Schneider, Control of
particle and energy transport across the boundary of a tokamak plasma. Plasma Phys. Control.
Fusion 26, 105–115 (1984)
32. K. Borras, Disruptive tokamak density limit as scrape-off layer/divertor phenomenon. Nucl.
Fusion 31, 1035–1051 (1991)
33. A.S. Kukushkin, S.I. Krasheninnikov, Bifurcations and oscillations in divertor plasma. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 61, 074001 (2019)
34. D. Coster, Characterization of oscillations observed in reduced physics SOLPS simulations.
Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 666–674 (2017)
35. Y. Shimomura, M. Kaufman, K. Lackner, H. Murman, Characteristics of the divertor plasma in
neutral-beam-heated ASDEX discharges. Nucl. Fusion 23, 869–879 (1983)
36. ITER Physics Basis, Chapter 4: Power and particle control. Nucl. Fusion 39, 2391–2469 (1999)
37. P.-H. Rebut, D. Boucher, D.J. Gambier, B.E. Keen, M.L. Watkins, The ITER challenge. Fusion
Eng. and Design 22, 7–18 (1993)
38. P.C. Stangeby, Can detached divertor plasmas be explained as self-sustained gas targets? Nucl.
Fusion 33, 1695–1705 (1993)
39. S.A. Self, H.N. Ewald, Static theory of a discharge column at intermediate pressures. Phys.
Fluids 9, 2486–2492 (1966)
40. W.L. Hsu, M. Yamada, P.J. Barret, Experimental simulation of the gaseous tokamak divertor.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1001–1004 (1982)
41. G. Fiksel, M. Kishinevsky, N. Hershkowitz, Experimental simulation of a gaseous plasma
collector. Phys. Fluids B 2, 837–841 (1990)
42. L. Schmitz, R. Lehmer, G. Chevalier, G. Tynan, P. Chia, R. Doerner, R.W. Conn, Experimental
simulation of the gaseous divertor concept in PISCES-A. J. Nucl. Mater. 176–177, 522–527
(1990)
43. S.I. Krasheninnikov, Divertor plasma detachment: Present status of understanding. Contrib.
Plasma Phys. 36, 293–303 (1996)
44. S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, D.A. Knoll, B. Labombard, B. Lipschultz, D.J. Sigmar,
T.K. Soboleva, J.L. Terry, F. Wising, Plasma recombination and molecular effects in tokamak
divertors and divertor simulators. Phys. Plasmas 4, 1638–1646 (1997)
254
9 Physics of Some Edge Plasma Phenomena