66. J.A. Goetz, B. LaBombard, B. Lipschultz, C.S. Pitcher, J.L. Terry, C. Boswell, S. Gangadhara,
D. Pappas, J. Weaver, B. Welch, R.L. Boivin, P. Bonoli, C. Fiore, R. Granetz, M. Greenwald,
A. Hubbard, I. Hutchinson, J. Irby, E. Marmar, D. Mossessian, M. Porkolab, J. Rice,
W.L. Rowan, G. Schilling, J. Snipes, Y. Takase, S. Wolfe, S. Wukitch, High confinement
dissipative divertor operation on Alcator C-Mod. Phys. Plasmas 6, 1899–1906 (1999)
67. K. Verhaegh, B. Lipschultz, B.P. Duval, J.R. Harrison, H. Reimerdes, C. Theiler, B. Labit,
R. Maurizio, C. Marini, F. Nespoli, U. Sheikh, C.K. Tsui, N. Vianello, W.A.J. Vijvers, the TCV
Team and the EUROfusion MST1 Team, Spectroscopic investigation of divertor detachment in
TCV. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 1112–1117 (2017)
68. B. Lomanowski, M. Carr, A. Field, M. Groth, A.E. Jaervinen, C. Lowry, A.G. Meigs,
S. Menmuir, M. O’Mullane, M.L. Reinke, C.K. Stavrou, S. Weisen, JET Contributors, Spectroscopic investigation of N and Ne seeded induced detachment in JET ITER-like wall L-modes
combining experiment and EDGE2D modeling. Nucl. Mater. Energy 20, 100676 (2019)
69. J. Miyazawa, S. Masuzaki, H. Yamada, R. Sakamoto, B.J. Peterson, M. Shoji, N. Ohyabu,
A. Komori, O. Motojima, LHD Experimental Group, P. Grigull, Y. Feng, K. McCormick,
F. Sardei, Y. Igitkhanov, W7-As Team, Detachment phenomena in LHD compared to W7-AS.
Fusion Sci. Technol. 50, 192–200 (2006)
70. D. Zhang, R. König, Y. Feng, R. Burhenn, S. Brezinsek, M. Jakubowski, B. Buttenschön,
H. Niemann, A. Pavone, M. Krychowiak, S. Kwak, J. Svensson, Y. Gao, T.S. Pedersen,
A. Alonso, J. Baldzuhn, C.D. Beidler, C. Biedermann, S. Bozhenkov, K.J. Brunner,
H. Damm, M. Hirsch, L. Giannone, P. Drewelow, F. Effenberg, G. Fuchert, K.C. Hammond,
U. Höfel, C. Killer, J. Knauer, H.P. Laqua, R. Laube, N. Pablant, E. Pasch, F. Penzel,
K. Rahbarnia, F. Reimold, H. Thomsen, V. Winters, F. Wagner, T. Klinger, W7-X team,
First observation of a stable highly dissipative divertor plasma regime on the Wendelstein
7-X stellarator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 025002 (2019)
71. N. Ohno, N. Ezumi, S. Takamura, S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, Experimental evidence of
molecular activated recombination in detached recombining plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81,
818–821 (1998)
72. A. Okamoto, S. Kado, K. Sawada, Y. Kuwahara, Y. Iida, S. Tanaka, Contribution of hydrogen
molecular assisted recombination processes to population of hydrogen atom in divertor simulator MAP-II. J. Nucl. Mater. 363–365, 395–399 (2007)
73. K. Nojiri, M. Sakamoto, N. Ezumi, A. Terakado, T. Iijima, S. Togo, T. Yokodo, Y. Kinoshita,
T. Mikami, T. Yoshimoto, S. Yamashita, J. Kohugara, M. Yoshikawa, Y. Nakashima, Effects of
gas puff and pump on plasma detachment associated with molecular activated recombination in
GAMMA 10/PDX. Nucl. Mater. Energy 20, 100691 (2019)
74. S.I. Krasheninnikov, M. Rensink, T.D. Rognlien, A.S. Kukushkin, J.A. Goetz, B. LaBombard,
B. Lipschultz, J.L. Terry, M. Umansky, Stability of the detachment front in a tokamak
divertor. J. Nucl. Mater. 266–269, 251–257 (1999)
75. K. Borrass, D. Coster, R. Schneider, Study of recombining gas targets. J. Nucl. Mater. 241–243,
250–254 (1997)
76. A.A. Pshenov, A.S. Kukushkin, S.I. Krasheninnikov, On detachment asymmetry and stability.
Phys. Plasmas 24, 072508 (2017)
77. A. Kukushkin, H. Pacher, Divertor modelling and extrapolation to reactor conditions. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 44, 931–943 (2002)
78. K. Verhaegh, B. Lipschultz, B.P. Duval, O. Février, A. Fill, C. Theiler, M. Wensing,
C. Bowman, D.S. Gahle, J.R. Harrison, B. Labit, C. Marini, R. Maurizio, H. de Oliveira,
H. Reimerdes, U. Sheikh, C.K. Tsui, N. Vianello, W.A.J. Vijvers, the TCV Team and the
EUROfusion MST1 Team, An improved understanding of the roles of atomic processes and
power balance in divertor target ion current loss during detachment. Nucl. Fusion 59, 126038
(2019)
79. M.Z. Tokar, F.A. Kelly, The role of plasma–wall interactions in thermal instabilities at the
tokamak edge. Phys. Plasmas 10, 4378–4386 (2003)
256
9 Physics of Some Edge Plasma Phenomena
D. Pappas, J. Weaver, B. Welch, R.L. Boivin, P. Bonoli, C. Fiore, R. Granetz, M. Greenwald,
A. Hubbard, I. Hutchinson, J. Irby, E. Marmar, D. Mossessian, M. Porkolab, J. Rice,
W.L. Rowan, G. Schilling, J. Snipes, Y. Takase, S. Wolfe, S. Wukitch, High confinement
dissipative divertor operation on Alcator C-Mod. Phys. Plasmas 6, 1899–1906 (1999)
67. K. Verhaegh, B. Lipschultz, B.P. Duval, J.R. Harrison, H. Reimerdes, C. Theiler, B. Labit,
R. Maurizio, C. Marini, F. Nespoli, U. Sheikh, C.K. Tsui, N. Vianello, W.A.J. Vijvers, the TCV
Team and the EUROfusion MST1 Team, Spectroscopic investigation of divertor detachment in
TCV. Nucl. Mater. Energy 12, 1112–1117 (2017)
68. B. Lomanowski, M. Carr, A. Field, M. Groth, A.E. Jaervinen, C. Lowry, A.G. Meigs,
S. Menmuir, M. O’Mullane, M.L. Reinke, C.K. Stavrou, S. Weisen, JET Contributors, Spectroscopic investigation of N and Ne seeded induced detachment in JET ITER-like wall L-modes
combining experiment and EDGE2D modeling. Nucl. Mater. Energy 20, 100676 (2019)
69. J. Miyazawa, S. Masuzaki, H. Yamada, R. Sakamoto, B.J. Peterson, M. Shoji, N. Ohyabu,
A. Komori, O. Motojima, LHD Experimental Group, P. Grigull, Y. Feng, K. McCormick,
F. Sardei, Y. Igitkhanov, W7-As Team, Detachment phenomena in LHD compared to W7-AS.
Fusion Sci. Technol. 50, 192–200 (2006)
70. D. Zhang, R. König, Y. Feng, R. Burhenn, S. Brezinsek, M. Jakubowski, B. Buttenschön,
H. Niemann, A. Pavone, M. Krychowiak, S. Kwak, J. Svensson, Y. Gao, T.S. Pedersen,
A. Alonso, J. Baldzuhn, C.D. Beidler, C. Biedermann, S. Bozhenkov, K.J. Brunner,
H. Damm, M. Hirsch, L. Giannone, P. Drewelow, F. Effenberg, G. Fuchert, K.C. Hammond,
U. Höfel, C. Killer, J. Knauer, H.P. Laqua, R. Laube, N. Pablant, E. Pasch, F. Penzel,
K. Rahbarnia, F. Reimold, H. Thomsen, V. Winters, F. Wagner, T. Klinger, W7-X team,
First observation of a stable highly dissipative divertor plasma regime on the Wendelstein
7-X stellarator. Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 025002 (2019)
71. N. Ohno, N. Ezumi, S. Takamura, S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, Experimental evidence of
molecular activated recombination in detached recombining plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81,
818–821 (1998)
72. A. Okamoto, S. Kado, K. Sawada, Y. Kuwahara, Y. Iida, S. Tanaka, Contribution of hydrogen
molecular assisted recombination processes to population of hydrogen atom in divertor simulator MAP-II. J. Nucl. Mater. 363–365, 395–399 (2007)
73. K. Nojiri, M. Sakamoto, N. Ezumi, A. Terakado, T. Iijima, S. Togo, T. Yokodo, Y. Kinoshita,
T. Mikami, T. Yoshimoto, S. Yamashita, J. Kohugara, M. Yoshikawa, Y. Nakashima, Effects of
gas puff and pump on plasma detachment associated with molecular activated recombination in
GAMMA 10/PDX. Nucl. Mater. Energy 20, 100691 (2019)
74. S.I. Krasheninnikov, M. Rensink, T.D. Rognlien, A.S. Kukushkin, J.A. Goetz, B. LaBombard,
B. Lipschultz, J.L. Terry, M. Umansky, Stability of the detachment front in a tokamak
divertor. J. Nucl. Mater. 266–269, 251–257 (1999)
75. K. Borrass, D. Coster, R. Schneider, Study of recombining gas targets. J. Nucl. Mater. 241–243,
250–254 (1997)
76. A.A. Pshenov, A.S. Kukushkin, S.I. Krasheninnikov, On detachment asymmetry and stability.
Phys. Plasmas 24, 072508 (2017)
77. A. Kukushkin, H. Pacher, Divertor modelling and extrapolation to reactor conditions. Plasma
Phys. Control. Fusion 44, 931–943 (2002)
78. K. Verhaegh, B. Lipschultz, B.P. Duval, O. Février, A. Fill, C. Theiler, M. Wensing,
C. Bowman, D.S. Gahle, J.R. Harrison, B. Labit, C. Marini, R. Maurizio, H. de Oliveira,
H. Reimerdes, U. Sheikh, C.K. Tsui, N. Vianello, W.A.J. Vijvers, the TCV Team and the
EUROfusion MST1 Team, An improved understanding of the roles of atomic processes and
power balance in divertor target ion current loss during detachment. Nucl. Fusion 59, 126038
(2019)
79. M.Z. Tokar, F.A. Kelly, The role of plasma–wall interactions in thermal instabilities at the
tokamak edge. Phys. Plasmas 10, 4378–4386 (2003)
256
9 Physics of Some Edge Plasma Phenomena