partly extended to non-spherical grains, which allowed assessing the impact of
complex shapes of the dust particles in fusion devices on the dust dynamics. The
results of numerical simulations (performed with sophisticated codes developed
from scratch) of the dust particle dynamics and transport in fusion devices show
decent agreement with the experimental observations.
However, there are still some gaps in our understanding/description of the dust
physics in fusion devices. Some of them are related to the plasma physics (e.g. the
description of an impact of large turbulent plasma fluctuations, often observed in the
edge plasma, on dust transport), but probably the most important and the most
complex one, the dust generation and injection rate into the plasma, is related to
both the material science and the plasma-material interactions. Still, a lot should be
done in this direction.
References
1. T. Ohkawa, Dust particles as a possible source of impurities in tokamaks. Kakuyugo Kenkyu
37, 117–131 (1977)
2. R. Behrisch, R.S. Blewer, H. Kukral, B.M.U. Scherzer, H. Schnidl, P. Staib, G. Staudenmaier,
Group de TFR, Spatial distribution of limiter material and impurities on the first wall of TFR
400. J. Nucl. Mater. 76-78, 437–444 (1978)
3. D.H.J. Goodall, High speed cine film studies of plasma behaviour and plasma-surface interactions in tokamaks. J. Nucl. Mater. 111-112, 11–22 (1982)
4. J.C. Flanagan, M. Sertoli, M. Bacharis, G.F. Matthews, P.C. de Vries, A. Widdowson,
I.H. Coffey, G. Arnoux, B. Sieglin, S. Brezinsek, J.W. Coenen, S. Marsen, T. Craciunescu,
A. Murari, D. Harting, A. Cackett, E. Hodille, JET-EFDA Contributors, Characterising dust in
JET with the new ITER-like wall. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 014037 (2015)
5. M. Sertoli, J.C. Flanagan, M. Bacharis, O. Kardaun, A. Jarvinen, G.F. Matthews, S. Brezinsek,
D. Harting, A. Cackett, E. Hodille, I.H. Coffey, E. Lazzaro, T. Pütterich, JET-EFDA Contributors, Impact of W events and dust on JET-ILW operation. J. Nucl. Mater. 463, 837–841 (2015)
6. K. Saito, T. Mutoh, R. Kumazawa, T. Seki, Y. Nakamura, N. Ashikawa, K. Sato, M. Shoji,
S. Masuzaki, T. Watari, H. Ogawa, H. Takeuchi, H. Kasahara, F. Shimpo, G. Nomura,
M. Yokota, C. Takahashi, A. Komori, Y. Zhao, J.S. Yoon, J.G. Kwak, The LHD Experimental
Group, ICRF long-pulse discharge and interaction with a chamber wall and antennas in
LHD. J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365, 1323–1328 (2007)
7. J. Winter, Dust in fusion devices – experimental evidence, possible sources and consequences.
Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 40, 1201–1210 (1998)
8. G. Federici, C.H. Skinner, J.N. Brooks, J.P. Coad, C. Grisolia, A.A. Haasz, A. Hassanein,
V. Philipps, C.S. Pitcher, J. Roth, W.R. Wampler, D.G. Whyte, Plasma-material interactions in
current tokamaks and their implications for next step fusion reactors. Nucl. Fusion 41,
1967–2137 (2001)
9. J. Winter, Dust in fusion devices – A multi-faceted problem connecting high- and
low-temperature plasma physics. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, B583–B592 (2004)
10. J.P. Girard, W. Gulden, B. Kolbasov, A.-J. Louzeiro-Malaquias, D. Petti, L. RodriguezRodrigo, Summary of the 8th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety. Nucl.
Fusion 48, 015008 (2008)
11. A.E. Costley, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis, C.I. Walker, Technological challenges of ITER diagnostics.
Fusion Eng. Des. 74, 109–119 (2005)
References
109
complex shapes of the dust particles in fusion devices on the dust dynamics. The
results of numerical simulations (performed with sophisticated codes developed
from scratch) of the dust particle dynamics and transport in fusion devices show
decent agreement with the experimental observations.
However, there are still some gaps in our understanding/description of the dust
physics in fusion devices. Some of them are related to the plasma physics (e.g. the
description of an impact of large turbulent plasma fluctuations, often observed in the
edge plasma, on dust transport), but probably the most important and the most
complex one, the dust generation and injection rate into the plasma, is related to
both the material science and the plasma-material interactions. Still, a lot should be
done in this direction.
References
1. T. Ohkawa, Dust particles as a possible source of impurities in tokamaks. Kakuyugo Kenkyu
37, 117–131 (1977)
2. R. Behrisch, R.S. Blewer, H. Kukral, B.M.U. Scherzer, H. Schnidl, P. Staib, G. Staudenmaier,
Group de TFR, Spatial distribution of limiter material and impurities on the first wall of TFR
400. J. Nucl. Mater. 76-78, 437–444 (1978)
3. D.H.J. Goodall, High speed cine film studies of plasma behaviour and plasma-surface interactions in tokamaks. J. Nucl. Mater. 111-112, 11–22 (1982)
4. J.C. Flanagan, M. Sertoli, M. Bacharis, G.F. Matthews, P.C. de Vries, A. Widdowson,
I.H. Coffey, G. Arnoux, B. Sieglin, S. Brezinsek, J.W. Coenen, S. Marsen, T. Craciunescu,
A. Murari, D. Harting, A. Cackett, E. Hodille, JET-EFDA Contributors, Characterising dust in
JET with the new ITER-like wall. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 014037 (2015)
5. M. Sertoli, J.C. Flanagan, M. Bacharis, O. Kardaun, A. Jarvinen, G.F. Matthews, S. Brezinsek,
D. Harting, A. Cackett, E. Hodille, I.H. Coffey, E. Lazzaro, T. Pütterich, JET-EFDA Contributors, Impact of W events and dust on JET-ILW operation. J. Nucl. Mater. 463, 837–841 (2015)
6. K. Saito, T. Mutoh, R. Kumazawa, T. Seki, Y. Nakamura, N. Ashikawa, K. Sato, M. Shoji,
S. Masuzaki, T. Watari, H. Ogawa, H. Takeuchi, H. Kasahara, F. Shimpo, G. Nomura,
M. Yokota, C. Takahashi, A. Komori, Y. Zhao, J.S. Yoon, J.G. Kwak, The LHD Experimental
Group, ICRF long-pulse discharge and interaction with a chamber wall and antennas in
LHD. J. Nucl. Mater. 363-365, 1323–1328 (2007)
7. J. Winter, Dust in fusion devices – experimental evidence, possible sources and consequences.
Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 40, 1201–1210 (1998)
8. G. Federici, C.H. Skinner, J.N. Brooks, J.P. Coad, C. Grisolia, A.A. Haasz, A. Hassanein,
V. Philipps, C.S. Pitcher, J. Roth, W.R. Wampler, D.G. Whyte, Plasma-material interactions in
current tokamaks and their implications for next step fusion reactors. Nucl. Fusion 41,
1967–2137 (2001)
9. J. Winter, Dust in fusion devices – A multi-faceted problem connecting high- and
low-temperature plasma physics. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, B583–B592 (2004)
10. J.P. Girard, W. Gulden, B. Kolbasov, A.-J. Louzeiro-Malaquias, D. Petti, L. RodriguezRodrigo, Summary of the 8th IAEA Technical Meeting on Fusion Power Plant Safety. Nucl.
Fusion 48, 015008 (2008)
11. A.E. Costley, T. Sugie, G. Vayakis, C.I. Walker, Technological challenges of ITER diagnostics.
Fusion Eng. Des. 74, 109–119 (2005)
References
109