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A. Zhang and C. Li
good combustion performance (stable, continuous, fast burning, carbon deposit),
good low-temperature fluidity, excellent oxidation stability and thermal stability, no
harmful substances such as mechanical impurities and moisture. At present, aircraft
engines are mainly divided into the jet and internal combustion engines. Both civil
aviation jet aircraft and military jet aircraft use jet fuel, usually Jet fuel No. 3; propeller
aircraft, helicopters, etc., usually use aero piston engine fuel; the fighters use fighter
20 military aircraft as jet fuel.
Today, global climate change has become the biggest challenge. In 2012, the
United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC) aims to keep
global temperatures rising below 2 °C, while the United Nations Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) predicts that global temperatures will rise to 1.4–5.8
°C, and controlling greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main goals to slow global
temperature rises. According to IPCC, global aviation CO 2 emissions from 330 Mt
CO 2 /yr in 1990 to 480 Mt CO 2 /yr in 2000, which have increased by about 1.5 times,
and accounting for 2% of the total human emissions, and it is expected that by 2050
the emissions of air greenhouse gasses will be increased by 300–600%. As aviation
CO 2 emissions continue to increase, the development and use of aviation biofuels
will not only reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses, but also alleviate the energy
crisis, which have been supported by many government policies. In this context, the
aviation biokerosene is concerned by the governments, oil companies, and airlines.
As the world’s second largest aviation power and the largest aircraft consumption
market in the world, the aviation industry will face severe emission reduction and
cost challenges. China has started early and made some progress in the research of
aviation biokerosene.
Biological aviation kerosene is a kind of aviation kerosene that is produced from
renewable resources. The renewable raw materials mainly include comus wilsoniana
fruit oil, leprosy oil, linseed oil, algae oil, restaurant waste oil, halophytic vegetable
oil, and so on. Compared with the traditional fossil, the carbon emission in the whole
life cycle can be reduced by more than 35%, so aviation biokerosene is a kind of
environment-friendly fuel and the most potential substitute for aviation kerosene
based on the fossil in the future. At present, many countries have carried out no-load
or commercial test flights of aviation biokerosene, which proves that bio-aviation
kerosene can meet the requirements of the aviation industry for fuel performance.
Although the research of aviation biofuel has made relatively satisfactory progress,
the aviation biokerosene is not competitive because of the factors such as high raw
material price, unstable sources, and small market size. However, the adoption of
biofuel is one of the important ways to reduce human dependence on fossil energy
and achieve emission reduction. In the long run, aviation biofuels need to find stable
raw material supply and more competitive processing technology in order to provide
support for the healthy development of the industry. Among them, raw material
supply is the most concerning problem in the development of aviation biofuel. It is
necessary to realize “not competing with the people for grain, not competing with
grain for land, not competing with farmland for a water source, not competing for
feed with livestock.”.
A. Zhang and C. Li
good combustion performance (stable, continuous, fast burning, carbon deposit),
good low-temperature fluidity, excellent oxidation stability and thermal stability, no
harmful substances such as mechanical impurities and moisture. At present, aircraft
engines are mainly divided into the jet and internal combustion engines. Both civil
aviation jet aircraft and military jet aircraft use jet fuel, usually Jet fuel No. 3; propeller
aircraft, helicopters, etc., usually use aero piston engine fuel; the fighters use fighter
20 military aircraft as jet fuel.
Today, global climate change has become the biggest challenge. In 2012, the
United Nations Framework Convention on climate change (UNFCCC) aims to keep
global temperatures rising below 2 °C, while the United Nations Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) predicts that global temperatures will rise to 1.4–5.8
°C, and controlling greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main goals to slow global
temperature rises. According to IPCC, global aviation CO 2 emissions from 330 Mt
CO 2 /yr in 1990 to 480 Mt CO 2 /yr in 2000, which have increased by about 1.5 times,
and accounting for 2% of the total human emissions, and it is expected that by 2050
the emissions of air greenhouse gasses will be increased by 300–600%. As aviation
CO 2 emissions continue to increase, the development and use of aviation biofuels
will not only reduce the emissions of greenhouse gasses, but also alleviate the energy
crisis, which have been supported by many government policies. In this context, the
aviation biokerosene is concerned by the governments, oil companies, and airlines.
As the world’s second largest aviation power and the largest aircraft consumption
market in the world, the aviation industry will face severe emission reduction and
cost challenges. China has started early and made some progress in the research of
aviation biokerosene.
Biological aviation kerosene is a kind of aviation kerosene that is produced from
renewable resources. The renewable raw materials mainly include comus wilsoniana
fruit oil, leprosy oil, linseed oil, algae oil, restaurant waste oil, halophytic vegetable
oil, and so on. Compared with the traditional fossil, the carbon emission in the whole
life cycle can be reduced by more than 35%, so aviation biokerosene is a kind of
environment-friendly fuel and the most potential substitute for aviation kerosene
based on the fossil in the future. At present, many countries have carried out no-load
or commercial test flights of aviation biokerosene, which proves that bio-aviation
kerosene can meet the requirements of the aviation industry for fuel performance.
Although the research of aviation biofuel has made relatively satisfactory progress,
the aviation biokerosene is not competitive because of the factors such as high raw
material price, unstable sources, and small market size. However, the adoption of
biofuel is one of the important ways to reduce human dependence on fossil energy
and achieve emission reduction. In the long run, aviation biofuels need to find stable
raw material supply and more competitive processing technology in order to provide
support for the healthy development of the industry. Among them, raw material
supply is the most concerning problem in the development of aviation biofuel. It is
necessary to realize “not competing with the people for grain, not competing with
grain for land, not competing with farmland for a water source, not competing for
feed with livestock.”.