3 Bio-liquid Fuels in Industrial Plant Oil
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the reaction rate is faster. However, the basic metal compound does not have a high
catalytic specific surface and a developed pore structure, so that the amount of the
catalyst is significantly increased and the reaction is incomplete, about 10–20% of
the fatty acids are present in the cleavage product. Therefore, there are many shortcomings in the current cracking catalysts, but each has its own advantages. Aiming at
the carboxylic acid components in the product which affect its fuel performance, how
to effectively combine the above catalyst characteristics and exert synergy between
the components is the key to solve the problems of the current cracking catalyst.
In summary, domestic and international research lacks the basic work and preliminary experimental research on the preparation of bio-hydrocarbon fuels by industrial
pyrotechnical directional pyrolysis, especially the basic catalytic reaction process
mechanism, model data testing, and pyrolysis kinetics are subject to further research.
In addition, most of the catalysts currently used are selected according to cracking
catalysts in the petroleum industry, mostly strongly acidic microporous, mesoporous
molecular sieves (ZSM-5, MCM-41, etc.), which are less stable in an alkaline environment, and the liquid product obtained in actual use has a low yield and a high
acid value. Therefore, based on the synergistic action of the pore characteristics of
the mesoporous material and the alkali active component, the oil cracking process
(decomposition after forming a salt with the carboxylic acid produced by the cracking) can be converted to obtain a bio-hydrocarbon cracking fuel having a suitable
molecular chain length. This helps to obtain a mixture of alkanes and olefins with
better combustion properties, thereby achieving targeted cracking of the oil and fat
on the molecular structure.
3.4 Aviation Liquid Fuels from Industrial Plant Oil
Biomass is the core component of the global renewable resources. It is one of the basic
resources for the survival and development of human beings. Only second to coal, oil,
and natural gas, it is also the most fundamental guarantee to maintain the sustainable
development of the human economy and society. With the rapid development of
economic globalization, the consumption of transportation fuel continues to increase.
By 2013, the global energy consumption has increased by 2.3%, and oil consumption
has increased to 1.4 million barrels per day, and the global crude oil reserves are now
1.6789 trillion barrels at the end of 2013, only 53.3 years’ exploitation quantity
can be satisfied. Under the double pressure of energy shortage and environmental
deterioration, and with the multiple support of technology, policy and market, and so
on, our government has attached great importance to the development and utilization
of biomass resources, and has successively issued a series of strategic planning and
guiding policies, which have put forward clear goals and requirements for aviation
biofuels.
The essence of aviation biofuels is C8–C16 hydrocarbons, which, unlike all other
transportation fuels, are mandatory, widely internationally versatile and highly safe,
with suitable density (>0.775 g/cm
3 ) and high calorific value (>42886 kJ/Kg) and
103
the reaction rate is faster. However, the basic metal compound does not have a high
catalytic specific surface and a developed pore structure, so that the amount of the
catalyst is significantly increased and the reaction is incomplete, about 10–20% of
the fatty acids are present in the cleavage product. Therefore, there are many shortcomings in the current cracking catalysts, but each has its own advantages. Aiming at
the carboxylic acid components in the product which affect its fuel performance, how
to effectively combine the above catalyst characteristics and exert synergy between
the components is the key to solve the problems of the current cracking catalyst.
In summary, domestic and international research lacks the basic work and preliminary experimental research on the preparation of bio-hydrocarbon fuels by industrial
pyrotechnical directional pyrolysis, especially the basic catalytic reaction process
mechanism, model data testing, and pyrolysis kinetics are subject to further research.
In addition, most of the catalysts currently used are selected according to cracking
catalysts in the petroleum industry, mostly strongly acidic microporous, mesoporous
molecular sieves (ZSM-5, MCM-41, etc.), which are less stable in an alkaline environment, and the liquid product obtained in actual use has a low yield and a high
acid value. Therefore, based on the synergistic action of the pore characteristics of
the mesoporous material and the alkali active component, the oil cracking process
(decomposition after forming a salt with the carboxylic acid produced by the cracking) can be converted to obtain a bio-hydrocarbon cracking fuel having a suitable
molecular chain length. This helps to obtain a mixture of alkanes and olefins with
better combustion properties, thereby achieving targeted cracking of the oil and fat
on the molecular structure.
3.4 Aviation Liquid Fuels from Industrial Plant Oil
Biomass is the core component of the global renewable resources. It is one of the basic
resources for the survival and development of human beings. Only second to coal, oil,
and natural gas, it is also the most fundamental guarantee to maintain the sustainable
development of the human economy and society. With the rapid development of
economic globalization, the consumption of transportation fuel continues to increase.
By 2013, the global energy consumption has increased by 2.3%, and oil consumption
has increased to 1.4 million barrels per day, and the global crude oil reserves are now
1.6789 trillion barrels at the end of 2013, only 53.3 years’ exploitation quantity
can be satisfied. Under the double pressure of energy shortage and environmental
deterioration, and with the multiple support of technology, policy and market, and so
on, our government has attached great importance to the development and utilization
of biomass resources, and has successively issued a series of strategic planning and
guiding policies, which have put forward clear goals and requirements for aviation
biofuels.
The essence of aviation biofuels is C8–C16 hydrocarbons, which, unlike all other
transportation fuels, are mandatory, widely internationally versatile and highly safe,
with suitable density (>0.775 g/cm
3 ) and high calorific value (>42886 kJ/Kg) and