8.3 Ground Microwave Weapons
767
Table 8.3 Integrated microcircuit degradation levels
Degradation level
Degradation character
Type IC
TF (kW/cm)
Passive
Active
I
Functioning disruptions
TTL
8
0.3
MOS
0.6
AIS LSIC
0.3–1.4
II
Stable parameter changes
TTL
0.8–1.5
1.8
MOS
0.5
0.1
AIS LSIC
1.2–15
4.0
III
Catastrophically irreversible failures
TTL
4
1.4–1.8
MOS
2.5–15
0.1–4
AIS LSIC
1.4–5.5
1.0–6
mostly used. Experimentally obtained burnout thresholds of mixing diodes of radioelectronic equipment detector heads lie within the range of 10
−5 –10
−3 J, with a
microwave pulse duration of dozens of nanoseconds [5, 7]. It is known that the level
of damage energy in the operating mode is lower by 5–10 times; when exposed
to a pulse sequence, it decreases by 10–100 times [5–11]. Table 8.3 contains the
values of the microwave field strength at which the degradation of various types of
microcircuits usually occurs [6, 7].
As we know, powerful microwave radiation can be emitted by powerful radar
stations, as well as microwave units of special and military purposes, some of which
will be considered in detail below.
8.3.2 Classification and Methods of Application
of Microwave Weapons
The term “microwave weapons” (also known as SHF weapons) is widely discussed
and used today [4, 9–12]. The main affecting factor of microwave weapons is the
pulse electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0.1–10 cm. As described above,
tests of such weapons and their elements were performed by the USA during military
operations in Iraq [11, 12]; however, no such weapons are now officially used by any
state.
Experts divide microwave weapons into two types: microwave units and
microwave ammunition. In turn, microwave ammunition can be divided into regular
and nuclear. In conventional microwave munitions, the source of energy is an explosive magnetic generator based on a conventional explosive; in nuclear ones, the
source is based on a nuclear charge. The load of an explosive magnetic generator is
a special generating system that converts the electrical impulse from the explosive
magnetic generator into a pulse of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range
767
Table 8.3 Integrated microcircuit degradation levels
Degradation level
Degradation character
Type IC
TF (kW/cm)
Passive
Active
I
Functioning disruptions
TTL
8
0.3
MOS
0.6
AIS LSIC
0.3–1.4
II
Stable parameter changes
TTL
0.8–1.5
1.8
MOS
0.5
0.1
AIS LSIC
1.2–15
4.0
III
Catastrophically irreversible failures
TTL
4
1.4–1.8
MOS
2.5–15
0.1–4
AIS LSIC
1.4–5.5
1.0–6
mostly used. Experimentally obtained burnout thresholds of mixing diodes of radioelectronic equipment detector heads lie within the range of 10
−5 –10
−3 J, with a
microwave pulse duration of dozens of nanoseconds [5, 7]. It is known that the level
of damage energy in the operating mode is lower by 5–10 times; when exposed
to a pulse sequence, it decreases by 10–100 times [5–11]. Table 8.3 contains the
values of the microwave field strength at which the degradation of various types of
microcircuits usually occurs [6, 7].
As we know, powerful microwave radiation can be emitted by powerful radar
stations, as well as microwave units of special and military purposes, some of which
will be considered in detail below.
8.3.2 Classification and Methods of Application
of Microwave Weapons
The term “microwave weapons” (also known as SHF weapons) is widely discussed
and used today [4, 9–12]. The main affecting factor of microwave weapons is the
pulse electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0.1–10 cm. As described above,
tests of such weapons and their elements were performed by the USA during military
operations in Iraq [11, 12]; however, no such weapons are now officially used by any
state.
Experts divide microwave weapons into two types: microwave units and
microwave ammunition. In turn, microwave ammunition can be divided into regular
and nuclear. In conventional microwave munitions, the source of energy is an explosive magnetic generator based on a conventional explosive; in nuclear ones, the
source is based on a nuclear charge. The load of an explosive magnetic generator is
a special generating system that converts the electrical impulse from the explosive
magnetic generator into a pulse of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range