Current Status of the Development of Blood-Based …
189
no prerequisite knowledge or skill by the user, is portable and provides results in a
very short span of time.
The extensive literature survey conducted on the viability of this technology
provides a realizable solution in the form of a microfluidic device. A number of studies
have focused on the isolation of biomarkers present in the plasma, such as cardiac
biomarkers, C-reactive protein, glucose level, and neurotransmitter dopamine. In
addition to this, numerous studies have also proposed methods for detecting diseases
such as malaria, HIV, coagulation disorders, and cancers. It was also observed that
most of the commercially available products, such as glucose or blood coagulation test kits, revolve around the lateral flow of blood coming under the domain of
paper microfluidics. POCT is also lacking in the field of active methods in contrast
to the passive methods as they require operating sources. This requires miniaturization of operating and pumping forces to further accelerate the advancement of
this technology toward revolutionizing the conventional methods. This field is an
ever expanding one, offering plethoric applications, and unconventional solutions to
disease diagnostics.
References
1. Fung, Y.C.: Biomechanics—Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 1st edn. Springer (1981)
2. Caro, C. G.: The Mechanics of the Circulation, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press (2011)
3. Lee, J., Lee, S.H.: Lab on a chip for in situ diagnosis: from blood to point of care. Biomed.
Eng. Lett. 3(2), 59–66 (2013)
4. Jung, W., Han, J., Choi, J.W., Ahn, C.H.: Point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic systems
using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies. Microelectron. Eng. 132, 46–57 (2015)
5. Sackmann, E.K., Fulton, A.L., Beebe, D.J.: The present and future role of microfluidics in
biomedical research. Nature 507(7491), 181–189 (2014)
6. Kersaudy-Kerhoas, M., Sollier, E.: Micro-scale blood plasma separation: from
acoustophoresis to egg-beaters. Lab Chip 13(17), 3323–3346 (2013)
7. Tripathi, S., Kumar, Y.B., Agrawal, A., Prabhakar, A., Joshi, S.S.: Microdevice for plasma
separation from whole human blood using bio-physical and geometrical effects. Sci. Rep. 6,
26749 (2016)
8. Lima, R., Ishikawa, T., Imai, Y., Yamaguchi, T.: Blood flow behavior in microchannels: past,
current and future trends. In: Single and Two-Phase Flows on Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, pp. 513–547 (2012)
9. Hou, H.W., Bhagat, A.A.S., Lee, W.C., Huang, S., Han, J., Lim, C.T.: Microfluidic devices
for blood fractionation. Micromachines 2(3), 319–343 (2011)
10. Cui, F., Rhee, M., Singh, A., Tripathi, A.: Microfluidic sample preparation for medical
diagnostics. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 17, 267–286 (2015)
11. Jiang, H., Weng, X., Chon, C.H., Wu, X., Li, D.: A microfluidic chip for blood plasma
separation using electro-osmotic flow control. J. Micromech. Microeng. 21(8), 085019 (2011)
12. Nakashima, Y., Hata, S., Yasuda, T.: Blood plasma separation and extraction from a minute
amount of blood using dielectrophoretic and capillary forces. Sens. Actuators B. 145, 561–569
(2010)
13. Mohammadi, M., Madadi, H., Casals-Terré, J.: Microfluidic point-of-care blood panel based
on a novel technique: reversible electroosmotic flow. Biomicrofluidics 9(5), 054106 (2015)
14. Vemulapati, S., Erickson, D.: HERMES: rapid blood-plasma separation at the point-of-need.
Lab Chip 18(21), 3285–3292 (2018)
189
no prerequisite knowledge or skill by the user, is portable and provides results in a
very short span of time.
The extensive literature survey conducted on the viability of this technology
provides a realizable solution in the form of a microfluidic device. A number of studies
have focused on the isolation of biomarkers present in the plasma, such as cardiac
biomarkers, C-reactive protein, glucose level, and neurotransmitter dopamine. In
addition to this, numerous studies have also proposed methods for detecting diseases
such as malaria, HIV, coagulation disorders, and cancers. It was also observed that
most of the commercially available products, such as glucose or blood coagulation test kits, revolve around the lateral flow of blood coming under the domain of
paper microfluidics. POCT is also lacking in the field of active methods in contrast
to the passive methods as they require operating sources. This requires miniaturization of operating and pumping forces to further accelerate the advancement of
this technology toward revolutionizing the conventional methods. This field is an
ever expanding one, offering plethoric applications, and unconventional solutions to
disease diagnostics.
References
1. Fung, Y.C.: Biomechanics—Mechanical Properties of Living Tissues, 1st edn. Springer (1981)
2. Caro, C. G.: The Mechanics of the Circulation, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press (2011)
3. Lee, J., Lee, S.H.: Lab on a chip for in situ diagnosis: from blood to point of care. Biomed.
Eng. Lett. 3(2), 59–66 (2013)
4. Jung, W., Han, J., Choi, J.W., Ahn, C.H.: Point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic systems
using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies. Microelectron. Eng. 132, 46–57 (2015)
5. Sackmann, E.K., Fulton, A.L., Beebe, D.J.: The present and future role of microfluidics in
biomedical research. Nature 507(7491), 181–189 (2014)
6. Kersaudy-Kerhoas, M., Sollier, E.: Micro-scale blood plasma separation: from
acoustophoresis to egg-beaters. Lab Chip 13(17), 3323–3346 (2013)
7. Tripathi, S., Kumar, Y.B., Agrawal, A., Prabhakar, A., Joshi, S.S.: Microdevice for plasma
separation from whole human blood using bio-physical and geometrical effects. Sci. Rep. 6,
26749 (2016)
8. Lima, R., Ishikawa, T., Imai, Y., Yamaguchi, T.: Blood flow behavior in microchannels: past,
current and future trends. In: Single and Two-Phase Flows on Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, pp. 513–547 (2012)
9. Hou, H.W., Bhagat, A.A.S., Lee, W.C., Huang, S., Han, J., Lim, C.T.: Microfluidic devices
for blood fractionation. Micromachines 2(3), 319–343 (2011)
10. Cui, F., Rhee, M., Singh, A., Tripathi, A.: Microfluidic sample preparation for medical
diagnostics. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 17, 267–286 (2015)
11. Jiang, H., Weng, X., Chon, C.H., Wu, X., Li, D.: A microfluidic chip for blood plasma
separation using electro-osmotic flow control. J. Micromech. Microeng. 21(8), 085019 (2011)
12. Nakashima, Y., Hata, S., Yasuda, T.: Blood plasma separation and extraction from a minute
amount of blood using dielectrophoretic and capillary forces. Sens. Actuators B. 145, 561–569
(2010)
13. Mohammadi, M., Madadi, H., Casals-Terré, J.: Microfluidic point-of-care blood panel based
on a novel technique: reversible electroosmotic flow. Biomicrofluidics 9(5), 054106 (2015)
14. Vemulapati, S., Erickson, D.: HERMES: rapid blood-plasma separation at the point-of-need.
Lab Chip 18(21), 3285–3292 (2018)