3 Engineering IoT Networks
117
Controller
BR/EDR PHY
BR/EDR LE PHY
LE PHY
Link Manager
Link Manager
Link Layer
Link Layer
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Host
L2CAP
L2CAP
L2CAP
RFCOMM
RFCOMM
SMP
ATT
SMP
ATT
SPP, SDP, ...
SPP, SDP, ...
GAP GATT
GAP GATT
Application
Application
Application
(Classic or BR/EDR)
(Dual mode or BR/EDR/LE)
(Single mode or BLE)
Fig. 3.10 Bluetooth protocol stack and interoperation between Bluetooth versions and device
types [24]
• Application. It contains the logic, user interface, and data handling of everything
related to the actual use-case that the application implements. The architecture of
an application is highly dependent on each particular implementation.
• Host. It defines and manages services and attributes for each application domain
and implements the security functionality.
• Controller. It implements the Physical and Data Link Layers.
The Controller stack is generally implemented in a low-cost silicon device
containing the Bluetooth radio and a microprocessor. The Host stack is generally
implemented as part of an operating system, or as a package on top of an operating
system. For integrated devices such as Bluetooth headsets, the host stack and
controller stack can be run on the same microprocessor to reduce mass production
costs; this is known as a hostless system. The upper layer of the Host part of Fig. 3.10
is occupied by the various Bluetooth profiles that provide definitions and semantics
needed to build user applications.
In the following text, a list of basic concepts to understand how Bluetooth
works:
• Physical Layer. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping
spread spectrum. Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets and transmits
each packet on one of 79 designated Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a
bandwidth of 1 MHz. It usually performs 1,600 hops per second. Two modulations are available, i.e., basic rate (BR) and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) allowing
an instantaneous physical bitrate of either 1 Mb/s or 2–3 Mb/s, respectively. The
117
Controller
BR/EDR PHY
BR/EDR LE PHY
LE PHY
Link Manager
Link Manager
Link Layer
Link Layer
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Host
L2CAP
L2CAP
L2CAP
RFCOMM
RFCOMM
SMP
ATT
SMP
ATT
SPP, SDP, ...
SPP, SDP, ...
GAP GATT
GAP GATT
Application
Application
Application
(Classic or BR/EDR)
(Dual mode or BR/EDR/LE)
(Single mode or BLE)
Fig. 3.10 Bluetooth protocol stack and interoperation between Bluetooth versions and device
types [24]
• Application. It contains the logic, user interface, and data handling of everything
related to the actual use-case that the application implements. The architecture of
an application is highly dependent on each particular implementation.
• Host. It defines and manages services and attributes for each application domain
and implements the security functionality.
• Controller. It implements the Physical and Data Link Layers.
The Controller stack is generally implemented in a low-cost silicon device
containing the Bluetooth radio and a microprocessor. The Host stack is generally
implemented as part of an operating system, or as a package on top of an operating
system. For integrated devices such as Bluetooth headsets, the host stack and
controller stack can be run on the same microprocessor to reduce mass production
costs; this is known as a hostless system. The upper layer of the Host part of Fig. 3.10
is occupied by the various Bluetooth profiles that provide definitions and semantics
needed to build user applications.
In the following text, a list of basic concepts to understand how Bluetooth
works:
• Physical Layer. Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping
spread spectrum. Bluetooth divides transmitted data into packets and transmits
each packet on one of 79 designated Bluetooth channels. Each channel has a
bandwidth of 1 MHz. It usually performs 1,600 hops per second. Two modulations are available, i.e., basic rate (BR) and Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) allowing
an instantaneous physical bitrate of either 1 Mb/s or 2–3 Mb/s, respectively. The