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M. Zhong and P. Fan
Fig. 2.16 SEM images of nanowires grown on various SMNS produced by ultrafast laser: a before
and b, c after growth of nanowires on spindle-like structures; d before and e, f after growth of
nanowires on particle cluster structures; g, h, i nanowires grown on helical structures. Reproduced
from [57] with permission from The Royal Society of Chemistry
in Fig. 2.16. Although the structural forms of premade micro-nano structures are
strikingly different for them, they have succeeded in growing oxide nanowires out
of their surfaces without exception.
Another advantage of the ultrafast laser structuring is that it is a unique technique
without obvious material dependence. Also, thermal oxidation is an approach that
has been widely used for synthesizing nanostructures and nanomaterials with various
oxide compositions. On the basis, the ultrafast laser structuring and thermal oxidation
combined strategy can be generally applied for the creation of 3D self-supporting
architectures on various solid surfaces.