Metal electrode (M)
Electrolyte solution
(S)
ψ –(–ψ 1 )
ψ
–ψ 1
0
d
(a)
x
Positive charge
Negative charge
Solvent molecule
+
+
+
+
+
–
–
–
–
+
–
–
–
+
+
–
(b)
30
20
10
0
–10
–20
CNTs/PANI
GNS/PANI
GNS/CNTs/PANI
PANI
Current/A g –1
–0.8
–0.6
–0.4
–0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
Potential/V vs. Hg/HgO
FIGURE 2.10
Double-layer with specific ion adsorption and its corresponding potential distribution.
Current collector
Porous carbon layer
Electric double layer
Electrolyte solution channel
In-accessible
inner-pore
Carbon
particle
Accessible
inner-pore
FIGURE 2.12
Electrode for electrochemical double-layer supercapacitor.
FIGURE 3.10
Cyclic voltammograms of different PANI composites and their effects on performance. (Source:
Zhang, K. et al. 2010. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 1392–1401. With permission.)