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NAO and baroclinic wave activity. Int J Climatol 19:379–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)
1097-0088(19990330)19:4%3C379::AID-JOC357%3E3.0.CO;2-8
van Loon H, Madden RA (1981) The Southern Oscillation. Part I: Global associations with pressure
and temperature in northern winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:1150–1162. https://doi.org/10.1175/
1520-0493(1981)109%3C1150:TSOPIG%3E2.0.CO;2
van Oldenborgh GJ, Drijfhout S, van Ulden A et al (2009) Western Europe is warming much faster
than expected. Clim Past 5:1–12. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-1-2009
Varino F, Arbogast P, Joly B et al (2018) Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter cyclones
variability over the 20th century derived from ERA-20C reanalysis. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00382-018-4176-5
Vicente-Serrano SM, Lopez-Moreno JI, Beguería S et al (2014) Evidence of increasing drought
severity caused by temperature rise in Southern Europe. Environ Res Lett 9:044001. https://doi.
org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/044001
Visbeck M, Chassignet EP, Curry RG et al (2003) The ocean’s response to North Atlantic
Oscillation variability. The North Atlantic Oscillation: climatic significance and environmental
impact. AGU Geophys Monogr 134:113–146
Wallace JM, Gutzler DS (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the
Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:784–812. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493
(1981)109,0784:TITGHF.2.0.CO;2.
Wallace JM, Hobbs P (2006) Atmospheric science. An introductory survey, 2nd edn. Academic
Press
Wang J, Ikeda M (2000) Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Sea-ice oscillation. Geophys Res Lett
27:1287–1290. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL002389
Wang C, Xie SP, Carton JA (2004) A global survey of ocean atmosphere interaction and climate
variability. In: Wang C et al (eds) Earth’s climate: the ocean-atmosphere interaction, Geophysical monograph series, vol 147. AGU, Washington, DC, pp 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1029/
147GM01
Wang D, Wang C, Yang X et al (2005) Winter Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature
variability associated the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett
32:L16706. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022952
Wang C, Liu H, Lee S (2010) The record-breaking cold temperatures during the winter of 2009/
2010 in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmos Sci Lett 11:161–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.278
Wang W, Evan AT, Flamant C et al (2015) On the decadal scale correlation between African dust
and Sahel rainfall: the role of Saharan heat low-forced winds. Sci. Adv. 1(9):e1500646. https://
doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500646
Wanner H, Bronnimann S, Casty C et al (2001) North Atlantic Oscillation: concepts and studies.
Surv Geophys 22:321–382. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014217317898
Watanabe M, Kimoto M (1999) Tropical–extratropical connection in the Atlantic atmosphere–
ocean variability. Geophys Res Lett 26:2247–2250. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900350
Watanabe M, Kimoto M (2000) Atmosphere–ocean thermal coupling in the North Atlantic: a
positive feedback. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 126:3343–3369. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.
49712657017
Waugh DW, Rong PP (2002) Interannual variability in the decay of lower stratospheric arctic
vortices. J Meteor Soc Japan 80:997–1012. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.997
Wei W, Li W, Deng Y et al (2018) Dynamical and thermodynamical coupling between the North
Atlantic subtropical high and the marine boundary layer clouds in boreal summer. Clim Dyn 50
(7–8):2457–2469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3750-6
Wernli H, Schwierz C (2006) Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958–2001). Part I: Novel
identification method and global climatology. J Atmos Sci 63:2486–2507. https://doi.org/10.
1175/JAS3766.1
82
J. M. Sánchez-Laulhé et al.
NAO and baroclinic wave activity. Int J Climatol 19:379–390. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)
1097-0088(19990330)19:4%3C379::AID-JOC357%3E3.0.CO;2-8
van Loon H, Madden RA (1981) The Southern Oscillation. Part I: Global associations with pressure
and temperature in northern winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:1150–1162. https://doi.org/10.1175/
1520-0493(1981)109%3C1150:TSOPIG%3E2.0.CO;2
van Oldenborgh GJ, Drijfhout S, van Ulden A et al (2009) Western Europe is warming much faster
than expected. Clim Past 5:1–12. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-5-1-2009
Varino F, Arbogast P, Joly B et al (2018) Northern Hemisphere extratropical winter cyclones
variability over the 20th century derived from ERA-20C reanalysis. Clim Dyn. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00382-018-4176-5
Vicente-Serrano SM, Lopez-Moreno JI, Beguería S et al (2014) Evidence of increasing drought
severity caused by temperature rise in Southern Europe. Environ Res Lett 9:044001. https://doi.
org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/044001
Visbeck M, Chassignet EP, Curry RG et al (2003) The ocean’s response to North Atlantic
Oscillation variability. The North Atlantic Oscillation: climatic significance and environmental
impact. AGU Geophys Monogr 134:113–146
Wallace JM, Gutzler DS (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the
Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon Wea Rev 109:784–812. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493
(1981)109,0784:TITGHF.2.0.CO;2.
Wallace JM, Hobbs P (2006) Atmospheric science. An introductory survey, 2nd edn. Academic
Press
Wang J, Ikeda M (2000) Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Sea-ice oscillation. Geophys Res Lett
27:1287–1290. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL002389
Wang C, Xie SP, Carton JA (2004) A global survey of ocean atmosphere interaction and climate
variability. In: Wang C et al (eds) Earth’s climate: the ocean-atmosphere interaction, Geophysical monograph series, vol 147. AGU, Washington, DC, pp 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1029/
147GM01
Wang D, Wang C, Yang X et al (2005) Winter Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature
variability associated the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett
32:L16706. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022952
Wang C, Liu H, Lee S (2010) The record-breaking cold temperatures during the winter of 2009/
2010 in the Northern Hemisphere. Atmos Sci Lett 11:161–168. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.278
Wang W, Evan AT, Flamant C et al (2015) On the decadal scale correlation between African dust
and Sahel rainfall: the role of Saharan heat low-forced winds. Sci. Adv. 1(9):e1500646. https://
doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500646
Wanner H, Bronnimann S, Casty C et al (2001) North Atlantic Oscillation: concepts and studies.
Surv Geophys 22:321–382. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014217317898
Watanabe M, Kimoto M (1999) Tropical–extratropical connection in the Atlantic atmosphere–
ocean variability. Geophys Res Lett 26:2247–2250. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900350
Watanabe M, Kimoto M (2000) Atmosphere–ocean thermal coupling in the North Atlantic: a
positive feedback. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 126:3343–3369. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.
49712657017
Waugh DW, Rong PP (2002) Interannual variability in the decay of lower stratospheric arctic
vortices. J Meteor Soc Japan 80:997–1012. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.80.997
Wei W, Li W, Deng Y et al (2018) Dynamical and thermodynamical coupling between the North
Atlantic subtropical high and the marine boundary layer clouds in boreal summer. Clim Dyn 50
(7–8):2457–2469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-3750-6
Wernli H, Schwierz C (2006) Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958–2001). Part I: Novel
identification method and global climatology. J Atmos Sci 63:2486–2507. https://doi.org/10.
1175/JAS3766.1
82
J. M. Sánchez-Laulhé et al.