Sun YB, Clemens SC, Morrill C, Lin X, Wang X, An Z (2012) Influence of Atlantic meridional
overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Nat Geosci 5:46–49. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ngeo1326
Sun C, Li JP, Jin FF (2015) A delayed oscillator model for the quasi-periodic multidecadal
variability of the NAO. Clim Dyn 45:2083–2099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2459-z
Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM (1998) The arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential
height and temperature fields. Geophys Res Lett 25:1297–1300. https://doi.org/10.1029/
98GL00950
Thorncroft CD, Flocas HA (1997) A case study of Saharan cyclogenesis. Mon Wea Rev
125:1147–1165. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125%3C1147:ACSOSC%3E2.0.
CO;2
Timmermann A, Latif M, Voss R, Grötzner A (1998) North Atlantic interdecadal variability: a
coupled air–sea mode. J Clim 11:1906–1931. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)
011<1906:NHIVAC>2.0.CO;2
Ting MF, Kushnir Y, Seager R, Li CH (2011) Robust features of Atlantic multi-decadal variability
and its climate impacts. Geophys Res Lett 38:L17705. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048712
Toniazzo T, Scaife AA (2006) The influence of ENSO on winter North Atlantic climate. Geophys
Res Lett 33:L24704. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027881
Toreti A, Xoplaki E, Maraun D et al (2010) Characterisation of extreme winter precipitation in
Mediterranean coastal sites and associated anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns. Nat
Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:1037–1050. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1037-2010
Trenberth KE, Branstator GW, Karoly D et al (1998) Progress during TOGA in understanding and
modelling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J Geophys
Res 103(C7):14291–14324. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01444
Trenberth K, Zhang R, NCAR Staff (eds) Last modified 03 Mar 2017. The climate data guide:
Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/
atlantic-multi-decadal-oscillation-amo
Trigo IF, Davies TD, Bigg G R (1999) Objective climatology of cyclones in the Mediterranean
region. J Clim 12:1685–1696. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1685:
OCOCIT>2.0.CO;2
Trigo IF, Davies TD, Bigg GR (2000) Decline in Mediterranean rainfall caused by weakening of
Mediterranean cyclones. Geophys Res Lett 27:2913–2916. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2000GL011526
Trigo IF, Bigg GR, Davies TD (2002) Climatology of cyclogenesis mechanisms in the Mediterranean. Mon Wea Rev 130:549–569. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130%3C0549:
COCMIT%3E2.0.CO;2
Trigo RM, Pozo-Vásquez D, Osborn TJ (2004) North Atlantic Oscillation influence on precipitation, river flow and water resources in the Iberian Peninsula. Int J Climatol 24:925–944. https://
doi.org/10.1002/joc.1048
Trigo R, Xoplaki E, Zorita E et al (2006) Relations between variability in the Mediterranean region
and mid-latitude variability. Dev Earth Environ Sci 4:179–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S15719197(06)80006-6
Turato B, Reale O, Siccardi F (2004) Water vapor sources of the October 2000 Piedmont flood. J
Hydrometeor 5:693–712. https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005%3C0693:WVSOTO%
3E2.0.CO;2
Türkes M, Erlat E (2003) Precipitation changes and variability in Turkey linked to the North
Atlantic Oscillation during the period 1930–2000. Int J Climatol 23:1771–1796. https://doi.org/
10.1002/joc.962
Turnock ST, Butt EW, Richardson TB et al (2016) The impact of European legislative and
technology measures to reduce air pollutants on air quality, human health and climate. Environ
Res Lett 11:24010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024010
Tyrlis E, Hoskins BJ (2008) Aspects of a Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking climatology.
J Atmos Sci 65:1638–1652. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2337.1
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
81
overturning circulation on the East Asian winter monsoon. Nat Geosci 5:46–49. https://doi.org/
10.1038/ngeo1326
Sun C, Li JP, Jin FF (2015) A delayed oscillator model for the quasi-periodic multidecadal
variability of the NAO. Clim Dyn 45:2083–2099. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-014-2459-z
Thompson DWJ, Wallace JM (1998) The arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential
height and temperature fields. Geophys Res Lett 25:1297–1300. https://doi.org/10.1029/
98GL00950
Thorncroft CD, Flocas HA (1997) A case study of Saharan cyclogenesis. Mon Wea Rev
125:1147–1165. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125%3C1147:ACSOSC%3E2.0.
CO;2
Timmermann A, Latif M, Voss R, Grötzner A (1998) North Atlantic interdecadal variability: a
coupled air–sea mode. J Clim 11:1906–1931. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)
011<1906:NHIVAC>2.0.CO;2
Ting MF, Kushnir Y, Seager R, Li CH (2011) Robust features of Atlantic multi-decadal variability
and its climate impacts. Geophys Res Lett 38:L17705. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048712
Toniazzo T, Scaife AA (2006) The influence of ENSO on winter North Atlantic climate. Geophys
Res Lett 33:L24704. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027881
Toreti A, Xoplaki E, Maraun D et al (2010) Characterisation of extreme winter precipitation in
Mediterranean coastal sites and associated anomalous atmospheric circulation patterns. Nat
Hazards Earth Syst Sci 10:1037–1050. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-1037-2010
Trenberth KE, Branstator GW, Karoly D et al (1998) Progress during TOGA in understanding and
modelling global teleconnections associated with tropical sea surface temperatures. J Geophys
Res 103(C7):14291–14324. https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC01444
Trenberth K, Zhang R, NCAR Staff (eds) Last modified 03 Mar 2017. The climate data guide:
Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/
atlantic-multi-decadal-oscillation-amo
Trigo IF, Davies TD, Bigg G R (1999) Objective climatology of cyclones in the Mediterranean
region. J Clim 12:1685–1696. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1685:
OCOCIT>2.0.CO;2
Trigo IF, Davies TD, Bigg GR (2000) Decline in Mediterranean rainfall caused by weakening of
Mediterranean cyclones. Geophys Res Lett 27:2913–2916. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2000GL011526
Trigo IF, Bigg GR, Davies TD (2002) Climatology of cyclogenesis mechanisms in the Mediterranean. Mon Wea Rev 130:549–569. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130%3C0549:
COCMIT%3E2.0.CO;2
Trigo RM, Pozo-Vásquez D, Osborn TJ (2004) North Atlantic Oscillation influence on precipitation, river flow and water resources in the Iberian Peninsula. Int J Climatol 24:925–944. https://
doi.org/10.1002/joc.1048
Trigo R, Xoplaki E, Zorita E et al (2006) Relations between variability in the Mediterranean region
and mid-latitude variability. Dev Earth Environ Sci 4:179–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/S15719197(06)80006-6
Turato B, Reale O, Siccardi F (2004) Water vapor sources of the October 2000 Piedmont flood. J
Hydrometeor 5:693–712. https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2004)005%3C0693:WVSOTO%
3E2.0.CO;2
Türkes M, Erlat E (2003) Precipitation changes and variability in Turkey linked to the North
Atlantic Oscillation during the period 1930–2000. Int J Climatol 23:1771–1796. https://doi.org/
10.1002/joc.962
Turnock ST, Butt EW, Richardson TB et al (2016) The impact of European legislative and
technology measures to reduce air pollutants on air quality, human health and climate. Environ
Res Lett 11:24010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/2/024010
Tyrlis E, Hoskins BJ (2008) Aspects of a Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking climatology.
J Atmos Sci 65:1638–1652. https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JAS2337.1
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
81