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IPCC (2013) In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical
science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 1535.
http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
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Mediterranean Sea to Europe. J Geophys Res 117:D02205. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011JD016482
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correlations with temperature. Clim Change 48:219–241. https://doi.org/10.1023/
A:1005619023045
Jung T, Vitart F, Ferranti L et al (2011) Origin and predictability of the extreme negative NAO
winter of 2009/10. Geophys Res Lett 38:L07701. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046786
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s00382-013-1712-1
Kay JE, Holland MM, Jahn A (2011) Inter-annual to multi-decadal Arctic sea ice extent trends in a
warming world. Geophys Res Lett 27:L15708. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048008
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climate variability to the late 20th Century winter drying of the Mediterranean region. Clim
Dynam (2012) 38:2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1221-z
Kelley C, Ting M, Seager R et al (2012) Mediterranean precipitation climatology, seasonal cycle,
and trend as simulated by CMIP5. Geophys Res Lett 39. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2012GL053416
Kerr RA (2000) A North Atlantic climate pacemaker for the centuries. Science 288:1984–1986.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5473.1984
Kidston J, Scaife AA, Hardiman SC et al (2015) Stratospheric influence on tropospheric jet streams,
storm tracks and surface weather. Nat Geosci 8:433–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2424
Knight JR, Allan RJ, Folland CK et al (2005) A signature of persistent natural thermohaline
circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophys Res Lett 32:L20708. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2005GL024233
Knippertz P, Martin JE (2005) Tropical plumes and extreme precipitation in subtropical and tropical
West Africa. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 131:2337–2365. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.148
Knippertz P, Ulbrich U, Marques F et al (2003) Decadal changes in the link El Niño, NAO and
European/North African rainfall. Int J Climatol 23:1293–1311. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.944
Kodera K, Kuroda Y (2004) Two teleconnection patterns involved in the North Atlantic/Arctic
Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 31:L20201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020933
Kothe S, Pfeifroth U, Cremer R et al (2017) A satellite-based sunshine duration climate data record
for Europe and Africa. Remote Sens 9:429. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050429
Krichak SO, Alpert P (2005) Signatures of the NAO in the atmospheric circulation during wet
winter months over the Mediterranean region. Theor Appl Climatol 82:27–39. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00704-004-0119-7
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
75
Inness A, Baier F, Benedetti A et al, the MACC team (2013) The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set
of atmospheric composition. Atmos Chem Phys 13:4073–4109. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-134073-2013
IPCC (2013) In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK et al (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical
science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 1535.
http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Israelevich P, Ganor E, Alpert P et al (2012) Predominant transport paths of Saharan dust over the
Mediterranean Sea to Europe. J Geophys Res 117:D02205. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2011JD016482
Jacobeit J (1987) Variations of trough positions and precipitation patterns in the Mediterranean
area. J Climatol 7:453–476. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3370070503
Jacobeit J, Jönsson T, Bärring L et al (2001) Zonal indices for Europe 1780–1995 and running
correlations with temperature. Clim Change 48:219–241. https://doi.org/10.1023/
A:1005619023045
Jung T, Vitart F, Ferranti L et al (2011) Origin and predictability of the extreme negative NAO
winter of 2009/10. Geophys Res Lett 38:L07701. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046786
Kahana R, Ziv B, Enzel Y et al (2002) Synoptic climatology of major floods in the Negev Desert,
Israel. Int J Climatol 22:867–882. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.766
Kållberg P, Simmons A, Uppala S et al (2007) ERA-40 Project Report Series, 17, The ERA-40
archive. Reading, UK, 31 pp. https://www.ecmwf.int/node/10595
Kavvada A, Ruiz-Barradas A, Nigam S (2013) AMO’s structure and climate footprint in observations and IPCC AR5 climate simulations. Clim Dyn 41:1345–1364. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s00382-013-1712-1
Kay JE, Holland MM, Jahn A (2011) Inter-annual to multi-decadal Arctic sea ice extent trends in a
warming world. Geophys Res Lett 27:L15708. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048008
Kelley C, Ting M, Seager R et al (2011) The relative contributions of radiative forcing and internal
climate variability to the late 20th Century winter drying of the Mediterranean region. Clim
Dynam (2012) 38:2001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-011-1221-z
Kelley C, Ting M, Seager R et al (2012) Mediterranean precipitation climatology, seasonal cycle,
and trend as simulated by CMIP5. Geophys Res Lett 39. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2012GL053416
Kerr RA (2000) A North Atlantic climate pacemaker for the centuries. Science 288:1984–1986.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5473.1984
Kidston J, Scaife AA, Hardiman SC et al (2015) Stratospheric influence on tropospheric jet streams,
storm tracks and surface weather. Nat Geosci 8:433–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2424
Knight JR, Allan RJ, Folland CK et al (2005) A signature of persistent natural thermohaline
circulation cycles in observed climate. Geophys Res Lett 32:L20708. https://doi.org/10.1029/
2005GL024233
Knippertz P, Martin JE (2005) Tropical plumes and extreme precipitation in subtropical and tropical
West Africa. Q J Roy Meteor Soc 131:2337–2365. https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.148
Knippertz P, Ulbrich U, Marques F et al (2003) Decadal changes in the link El Niño, NAO and
European/North African rainfall. Int J Climatol 23:1293–1311. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.944
Kodera K, Kuroda Y (2004) Two teleconnection patterns involved in the North Atlantic/Arctic
Oscillation. Geophys Res Lett 31:L20201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL020933
Kothe S, Pfeifroth U, Cremer R et al (2017) A satellite-based sunshine duration climate data record
for Europe and Africa. Remote Sens 9:429. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9050429
Krichak SO, Alpert P (2005) Signatures of the NAO in the atmospheric circulation during wet
winter months over the Mediterranean region. Theor Appl Climatol 82:27–39. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00704-004-0119-7
3 Alboran Sea Area Climate and Weather
75