Janssen P, Fuhr M, Cateau E et al (2017) Forest continuity acts congruently with stand maturity in
structuring the functional composition of saproxylic beetles. Biol Conserv 205:1–10
Janssen P, Bergès L, Fuhr M, Paillet Y (2019) Do not drop OLD for NEW: conservation needs both
forest continuity and stand maturity. Front Ecol Environ 7:370–371
Jucker T, Bouriaud O, Avacaritei D et al (2014) Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground
wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes. Ecol Lett 17:1560–1569
Jucker T, Bouriaud O, Coomes DA (2015) Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy. Funct
Ecol 29:1078–1086
Kaufmann S, Hauck M, Leuschner C (2018) Effects of natural forest dynamics on vascular plant,
bryophyte, and lichen diversity in primeval Fagus sylvatica forests and comparison with
production forests. J Ecol 106:2421–2434
Keeling HC, Phillips OL (2007) The global relationship between forest productivity and biomass.
Glob Ecol Biogeogr 16:618–631
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F et al (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manag 352:9–20
Klein T, Siegwolf RTW, Körner C (2016) Belowground carbon trade among tall trees in a
temperate forest. Science 352:342–344
Korner C (2003) Carbon limitation in trees. J Ecol 91:4–17
Körner C (2017) A matter of tree longevity. Science 355:130–131
Krah FS, Seibold S, Brandl R et al (2018) Independent effects of host and environment on the
diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. J Ecol 106:1428–1442
Kremer A, Ronce O, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ et al (2012) Long-distance gene flow and adaptation of
forest trees to rapid climate change. Ecol Lett 15:378–392
Leuschner C, Wulf M, Bäuchler P et al (2014) Forest continuity as a key determinant of soil carbon
and nutrient storage in beech forests on sandy soils in Northern Germany. Ecosystems
17:497–511
Lewis SL, Wheeler CE, Mitchard ET et al (2019) Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove
atmospheric carbon. Nature 568:25–28
Liang J, Crowther TW, Picard N et al (2016) Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship
predominant in global forests. Science 354:6309
Liu X, Trogisch S, He JS et al (2018) Tree species richness increases ecosystem carbon storage in
subtropical forests. Proc R Soc B 285:20181240
Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P et al (2001) Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current
knowledge and future challenges. Science 294:804–808
Lutz JA, Larson AJ, Freund JA et al (2013) The importance of large-diameter trees to forest
structural heterogeneity. PLoS One 8:e82784
Lutz JA, Furniss TJ, Johnson DJ et al (2018) Global importance of large-diameter trees. Glob Ecol
Biogeogr 27:849–864
Luyssaert S, Schulze ED, Börner A et al (2008) Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature
455:213–215
Maes SL, Perring MP, Vanhellemont M et al (2019) Environmental drivers interactively affect
individual tree growth across temperate European forests. Glob Chang Biol 25:201–217
Mausolf K, Will P, Härdtle W et al (2018a) Higher drought sensitivity of radial growth of European
beech in managed than in unmanaged forests. Sci Total Environ 642:1201–1208
Mausolf K, Härdtle W, Jansen K et al (2018b) Legacy effects of land-use modulate tree growth
responses to climate extremes. Oecologia 187:825–837
Maxwell S, Fuller RA, Brooks TM et al (2016) The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. Nature
536:143–145
Mazor T, Doropoulos C, Schwarzmueller F, Gladish DW, Kumaran N, Merkel K, Di Marco M,
Gagic V (2018) Global mismatch of policy and research on drivers of biodiversity loss. Nat Ecol
Evol 2:1071–1074
McMullin RT, Wiersma YF (2019) Out with OLD growth, in with ecological continNEWity: New
perspectives on forest conservation. Front Ecol Environ 17:176–181
Forest Ecosystems: A Functional and Biodiversity Perspective
403
structuring the functional composition of saproxylic beetles. Biol Conserv 205:1–10
Janssen P, Bergès L, Fuhr M, Paillet Y (2019) Do not drop OLD for NEW: conservation needs both
forest continuity and stand maturity. Front Ecol Environ 7:370–371
Jucker T, Bouriaud O, Avacaritei D et al (2014) Stabilizing effects of diversity on aboveground
wood production in forest ecosystems: linking patterns and processes. Ecol Lett 17:1560–1569
Jucker T, Bouriaud O, Coomes DA (2015) Crown plasticity enables trees to optimize canopy. Funct
Ecol 29:1078–1086
Kaufmann S, Hauck M, Leuschner C (2018) Effects of natural forest dynamics on vascular plant,
bryophyte, and lichen diversity in primeval Fagus sylvatica forests and comparison with
production forests. J Ecol 106:2421–2434
Keeling HC, Phillips OL (2007) The global relationship between forest productivity and biomass.
Glob Ecol Biogeogr 16:618–631
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F et al (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manag 352:9–20
Klein T, Siegwolf RTW, Körner C (2016) Belowground carbon trade among tall trees in a
temperate forest. Science 352:342–344
Korner C (2003) Carbon limitation in trees. J Ecol 91:4–17
Körner C (2017) A matter of tree longevity. Science 355:130–131
Krah FS, Seibold S, Brandl R et al (2018) Independent effects of host and environment on the
diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi. J Ecol 106:1428–1442
Kremer A, Ronce O, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ et al (2012) Long-distance gene flow and adaptation of
forest trees to rapid climate change. Ecol Lett 15:378–392
Leuschner C, Wulf M, Bäuchler P et al (2014) Forest continuity as a key determinant of soil carbon
and nutrient storage in beech forests on sandy soils in Northern Germany. Ecosystems
17:497–511
Lewis SL, Wheeler CE, Mitchard ET et al (2019) Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove
atmospheric carbon. Nature 568:25–28
Liang J, Crowther TW, Picard N et al (2016) Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship
predominant in global forests. Science 354:6309
Liu X, Trogisch S, He JS et al (2018) Tree species richness increases ecosystem carbon storage in
subtropical forests. Proc R Soc B 285:20181240
Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P et al (2001) Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: current
knowledge and future challenges. Science 294:804–808
Lutz JA, Larson AJ, Freund JA et al (2013) The importance of large-diameter trees to forest
structural heterogeneity. PLoS One 8:e82784
Lutz JA, Furniss TJ, Johnson DJ et al (2018) Global importance of large-diameter trees. Glob Ecol
Biogeogr 27:849–864
Luyssaert S, Schulze ED, Börner A et al (2008) Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks. Nature
455:213–215
Maes SL, Perring MP, Vanhellemont M et al (2019) Environmental drivers interactively affect
individual tree growth across temperate European forests. Glob Chang Biol 25:201–217
Mausolf K, Will P, Härdtle W et al (2018a) Higher drought sensitivity of radial growth of European
beech in managed than in unmanaged forests. Sci Total Environ 642:1201–1208
Mausolf K, Härdtle W, Jansen K et al (2018b) Legacy effects of land-use modulate tree growth
responses to climate extremes. Oecologia 187:825–837
Maxwell S, Fuller RA, Brooks TM et al (2016) The ravages of guns, nets and bulldozers. Nature
536:143–145
Mazor T, Doropoulos C, Schwarzmueller F, Gladish DW, Kumaran N, Merkel K, Di Marco M,
Gagic V (2018) Global mismatch of policy and research on drivers of biodiversity loss. Nat Ecol
Evol 2:1071–1074
McMullin RT, Wiersma YF (2019) Out with OLD growth, in with ecological continNEWity: New
perspectives on forest conservation. Front Ecol Environ 17:176–181
Forest Ecosystems: A Functional and Biodiversity Perspective
403