De Laender F, Rohr JR, Ashauer R et al (2016) Reintroducing environmental change drivers in
biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. Trends Ecol Evol 31:905–915
De Schrijver A, De Frenne P, Ampoorter E, Van Nevel L, Demey A, Wuyts K, Verheyen K (2011)
Cumulative nitrogen input drives species loss in terrestrial ecosystems. Glob Ecol Biogeogr
20:803–816
Díaz S, Lavorel S, de Bello F et al (2007) Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in
ecosystem service assessments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:20684–20689
Erb KH, Kastner T, Plutzar C et al (2018) Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and
grazing on global vegetation biomass. Nature 553:73–76
Fähser L (2012) Factoring non-knowledge into natural resource management: the Luebeck concept
of nature-oriented forestry. In: Ibisch P, Geiger L, Cybulla F (eds) Global change management:
knowledge gaps, blindspots and unknowables. Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp 113–130
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (2015) Global forest resources
assessment, Rome, pp 1–253
Felipe-Lucia MR, Soliveres S, Penone C et al (2018) Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply
of multiple ecosystem services. Nat Commun 9:4839
Fichtner A, Schmid M (2015) Erfassung und Schutz von Habitatstrukturen in der AktivRegion
Innere Lübecker Bucht. Abschlussbericht 57 p
Fichtner A, von Oheimb G, Härdtle W et al (2014) Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on soil
microbial communities in oak forests persist for more than 100 years. Soil Biol Biochem
70:79–87
Fichtner A, Forrester DI, Härdtle W et al (2015) Facilitative-competitive interactions in an
old-growth forest: the importance of large-diameter trees as benefactors and stimulators for
forest community assembly. PLoS One 10:e0120335
Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Li Y et al (2017) From competition to facilitation: how tree species respond
to neighbourhood diversity. Ecol Lett 20:892–900
Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Bruelheide H et al (2018) Neighbourhood interactions drive overyielding in
mixed-species tree communities. Nat Commun 9:1144
Fichtner A, Schnabel F, Bruelheide H et al (2020) Neighbourhood diversity mitigates drought
impacts on tree growth. J Ecol 108:865–875
Flensted KK, Bruun HH, Ejrnæs R et al (2016) Red-listed species and forest continuity – a multitaxon approach to conservation in temperate forests. For Ecol Manag 378:144–159
Flinn KM, Vellend M (2005) Recovery of forest plant communities in post-agricultural landscapes.
Front Ecol Environ 3:243–250
Forrester DI, Bauhus J (2016) A review of processes behind diversity-productivity relationships in
forests. Curr Forestry Rep 2:45–61
Fraterrigo JM, Balser TC, Turner MG (2006) Microbial community variation and its relationship
with nitrogen mineralization in historically altered forests. Ecology 87:570–579
Fritz Ö, Gustafsson L, Larsson K (2008a) Does forest continuity matter in conservation? A study of
epiphytic lichens and bryophytes in beech forests of southern Sweden. Biol Conserv
141:655–668
Fritz Ö, Niklasson M, Churski M (2008b) Tree age is a key factor for the conservation of epiphytic
lichens and bryophytes in beech forests. Appl Veg Sci 12:93–106
Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG et al (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future.
Biogeochemistry 70:153–226
Gamfeldt L, Hillebrand H, Jonsson PR (2008) Multiple functions increase the importance of
biodiversity for overall ecosystem functioning. Ecology 89:1223–1231
Gamfeldt L, Snäll T, Bagchi R et al (2013) Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found
in forests with more tree species. Nat Commun 4:1340
Garavito NT, Newton AC, Golicher D et al (2015) The relative impact of climate change on the
extinction risk of tree species in the montane tropical Andes. PLoS One 10:e0131388
Garcia-Valdes R, Bugmann H, Morin X (2018) Climate change-driven extinctions of tree species
affect forest functioning more than random extinctions. Divers Distrib 24:906–918
Forest Ecosystems: A Functional and Biodiversity Perspective
401
biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. Trends Ecol Evol 31:905–915
De Schrijver A, De Frenne P, Ampoorter E, Van Nevel L, Demey A, Wuyts K, Verheyen K (2011)
Cumulative nitrogen input drives species loss in terrestrial ecosystems. Glob Ecol Biogeogr
20:803–816
Díaz S, Lavorel S, de Bello F et al (2007) Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in
ecosystem service assessments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:20684–20689
Erb KH, Kastner T, Plutzar C et al (2018) Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and
grazing on global vegetation biomass. Nature 553:73–76
Fähser L (2012) Factoring non-knowledge into natural resource management: the Luebeck concept
of nature-oriented forestry. In: Ibisch P, Geiger L, Cybulla F (eds) Global change management:
knowledge gaps, blindspots and unknowables. Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp 113–130
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (2015) Global forest resources
assessment, Rome, pp 1–253
Felipe-Lucia MR, Soliveres S, Penone C et al (2018) Multiple forest attributes underpin the supply
of multiple ecosystem services. Nat Commun 9:4839
Fichtner A, Schmid M (2015) Erfassung und Schutz von Habitatstrukturen in der AktivRegion
Innere Lübecker Bucht. Abschlussbericht 57 p
Fichtner A, von Oheimb G, Härdtle W et al (2014) Effects of anthropogenic disturbances on soil
microbial communities in oak forests persist for more than 100 years. Soil Biol Biochem
70:79–87
Fichtner A, Forrester DI, Härdtle W et al (2015) Facilitative-competitive interactions in an
old-growth forest: the importance of large-diameter trees as benefactors and stimulators for
forest community assembly. PLoS One 10:e0120335
Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Li Y et al (2017) From competition to facilitation: how tree species respond
to neighbourhood diversity. Ecol Lett 20:892–900
Fichtner A, Härdtle W, Bruelheide H et al (2018) Neighbourhood interactions drive overyielding in
mixed-species tree communities. Nat Commun 9:1144
Fichtner A, Schnabel F, Bruelheide H et al (2020) Neighbourhood diversity mitigates drought
impacts on tree growth. J Ecol 108:865–875
Flensted KK, Bruun HH, Ejrnæs R et al (2016) Red-listed species and forest continuity – a multitaxon approach to conservation in temperate forests. For Ecol Manag 378:144–159
Flinn KM, Vellend M (2005) Recovery of forest plant communities in post-agricultural landscapes.
Front Ecol Environ 3:243–250
Forrester DI, Bauhus J (2016) A review of processes behind diversity-productivity relationships in
forests. Curr Forestry Rep 2:45–61
Fraterrigo JM, Balser TC, Turner MG (2006) Microbial community variation and its relationship
with nitrogen mineralization in historically altered forests. Ecology 87:570–579
Fritz Ö, Gustafsson L, Larsson K (2008a) Does forest continuity matter in conservation? A study of
epiphytic lichens and bryophytes in beech forests of southern Sweden. Biol Conserv
141:655–668
Fritz Ö, Niklasson M, Churski M (2008b) Tree age is a key factor for the conservation of epiphytic
lichens and bryophytes in beech forests. Appl Veg Sci 12:93–106
Galloway JN, Dentener FJ, Capone DG et al (2004) Nitrogen cycles: past, present, and future.
Biogeochemistry 70:153–226
Gamfeldt L, Hillebrand H, Jonsson PR (2008) Multiple functions increase the importance of
biodiversity for overall ecosystem functioning. Ecology 89:1223–1231
Gamfeldt L, Snäll T, Bagchi R et al (2013) Higher levels of multiple ecosystem services are found
in forests with more tree species. Nat Commun 4:1340
Garavito NT, Newton AC, Golicher D et al (2015) The relative impact of climate change on the
extinction risk of tree species in the montane tropical Andes. PLoS One 10:e0131388
Garcia-Valdes R, Bugmann H, Morin X (2018) Climate change-driven extinctions of tree species
affect forest functioning more than random extinctions. Divers Distrib 24:906–918
Forest Ecosystems: A Functional and Biodiversity Perspective
401