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ecosystem resilience during drought. Nature 561:538–541
Bader MKF, Leuzinger S, Keel SG, Siegwolf RTW, Hagedorn F, Schleppi P, Korner C (2013)
Central European hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future: synthesis of an 8-year forest canopy
CO 2 enrichment project. J Ecol 101:1509–1519
Baeten L, Bruelheide H, van der Plas F et al (2019) Identifying the tree species compositions that
maximize ecosystem functioning in European forests. J Appl Ecol 56:733–744
Barber CV, Miller KR, Boness M (2004) Securing protected areas in the face of global change.
Issues and Strategies. IUCN, Gland, 234 pp
Bardgett RD, van der Putten WH (2014) Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Nature 515:505–511
Barry KE, Mommer L, van Ruijven J et al (2019) The future of complementarity: disentangling
causes from consequences. Trends Ecol Evol 34:167–180
Barthlott W, Hostert A, Kier G et al (2007) Geographic patterns of vascular plant diversity at
continental to global scales. Erdkunde 61:305–315
Basset Y, Cizek L, Cuenoud P, Didham RK et al (2012) Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest.
Science 338:1481–1484
Bauhus J, Puettmann K, Messier C (2009) Silviculture for old-growth attributes. For Ecol Manag
258:525–537
Beiler KJ, Durall DM, Simard SW et al (2010) Architecture of the wood-wide web: rhizopogon spp.
genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts. New Phytol 185:543–553
Benito Garzon M, Sanchez de Dios R, Sainz Ollero H (2008) Effects of climate change on the
distribution of Iberian tree species. Appl Veg Sci 11:169–178
Bergès L, Dupouey JL (2020) Historical ecology and ancient forests: progress, conservation issues
and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case. J Veg Sci. https://doi.org/10.
1111/jvs.12846
Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J et al (2010) Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on
terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. Ecol Appl 20:30–59
Brancalion PHS, Niamir A, Broadbent E et al (2019) Global restoration opportunities in tropical
rainforest landscapes. Sci Adv 5:eaav3223
Brunet J, von Oheimb G (1998) Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern
Sweden. J Ecol 86:429–438
Brunet J, Fritz Ö, Richnau G (2010) Biodiversity in European beech forests – a review with
recommendations for sustainable forest management. Ecol Bull 53:77–94
Butchart SHM, Walpole M, Collen M et al (2010) Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines.
Science 328:1164–1168
Cameron EK, Martins IS, Lavelle P et al (2019) Global mismatches in aboveground and belowground biodiversity. Conserv Biol 33(5):1187–1192
Cardinale BJ, Duffy JE, Gonzalez A et al (2012) Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity.
Nature 486:305–307
Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR (2018) The misunderstood sixth mass extinction. Science 360:1080–1168
Chazdon RL, Broadbent EN, Rozendaal DMA et al (2016) Carbon sequestration potential of
second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Sci Adv 2:e1501639
Chen S, Wang W, Xu W et al (2018) Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:4027–4032
Christensen M, Hahn K, Mountford EP et al (2005) Dead wood in European beech (Fagus
sylvatica) forest reserves. For Ecol Manag 210:267–282
Compton JA, Boone RD (2000) Long-term impacts of agriculture on soil carbon and nitrogen in
New England forests. Ecology 81:2314–2330
De la Peña E, Baeten L, Steel H et al (2016) Beyond plant–soil feedbacks: mechanisms driving
plant community shifts due to land-use legacies in post-agricultural forests. Funct Ecol
30:1073–1085
400
A. Fichtner and W. Härdtle
ecosystem resilience during drought. Nature 561:538–541
Bader MKF, Leuzinger S, Keel SG, Siegwolf RTW, Hagedorn F, Schleppi P, Korner C (2013)
Central European hardwood trees in a high-CO2 future: synthesis of an 8-year forest canopy
CO 2 enrichment project. J Ecol 101:1509–1519
Baeten L, Bruelheide H, van der Plas F et al (2019) Identifying the tree species compositions that
maximize ecosystem functioning in European forests. J Appl Ecol 56:733–744
Barber CV, Miller KR, Boness M (2004) Securing protected areas in the face of global change.
Issues and Strategies. IUCN, Gland, 234 pp
Bardgett RD, van der Putten WH (2014) Belowground biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Nature 515:505–511
Barry KE, Mommer L, van Ruijven J et al (2019) The future of complementarity: disentangling
causes from consequences. Trends Ecol Evol 34:167–180
Barthlott W, Hostert A, Kier G et al (2007) Geographic patterns of vascular plant diversity at
continental to global scales. Erdkunde 61:305–315
Basset Y, Cizek L, Cuenoud P, Didham RK et al (2012) Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest.
Science 338:1481–1484
Bauhus J, Puettmann K, Messier C (2009) Silviculture for old-growth attributes. For Ecol Manag
258:525–537
Beiler KJ, Durall DM, Simard SW et al (2010) Architecture of the wood-wide web: rhizopogon spp.
genets link multiple Douglas-fir cohorts. New Phytol 185:543–553
Benito Garzon M, Sanchez de Dios R, Sainz Ollero H (2008) Effects of climate change on the
distribution of Iberian tree species. Appl Veg Sci 11:169–178
Bergès L, Dupouey JL (2020) Historical ecology and ancient forests: progress, conservation issues
and scientific prospects, with some examples from the French case. J Veg Sci. https://doi.org/10.
1111/jvs.12846
Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J et al (2010) Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on
terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis. Ecol Appl 20:30–59
Brancalion PHS, Niamir A, Broadbent E et al (2019) Global restoration opportunities in tropical
rainforest landscapes. Sci Adv 5:eaav3223
Brunet J, von Oheimb G (1998) Migration of vascular plants to secondary woodlands in southern
Sweden. J Ecol 86:429–438
Brunet J, Fritz Ö, Richnau G (2010) Biodiversity in European beech forests – a review with
recommendations for sustainable forest management. Ecol Bull 53:77–94
Butchart SHM, Walpole M, Collen M et al (2010) Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines.
Science 328:1164–1168
Cameron EK, Martins IS, Lavelle P et al (2019) Global mismatches in aboveground and belowground biodiversity. Conserv Biol 33(5):1187–1192
Cardinale BJ, Duffy JE, Gonzalez A et al (2012) Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity.
Nature 486:305–307
Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR (2018) The misunderstood sixth mass extinction. Science 360:1080–1168
Chazdon RL, Broadbent EN, Rozendaal DMA et al (2016) Carbon sequestration potential of
second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics. Sci Adv 2:e1501639
Chen S, Wang W, Xu W et al (2018) Plant diversity enhances productivity and soil carbon storage.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:4027–4032
Christensen M, Hahn K, Mountford EP et al (2005) Dead wood in European beech (Fagus
sylvatica) forest reserves. For Ecol Manag 210:267–282
Compton JA, Boone RD (2000) Long-term impacts of agriculture on soil carbon and nitrogen in
New England forests. Ecology 81:2314–2330
De la Peña E, Baeten L, Steel H et al (2016) Beyond plant–soil feedbacks: mechanisms driving
plant community shifts due to land-use legacies in post-agricultural forests. Funct Ecol
30:1073–1085
400
A. Fichtner and W. Härdtle