490
T. Ube and T. Ikeda
is a good example of photosynergetic effects. Further improvement of these systems
will be made possible by applying novel photochromic molecules, photochemical
processes, and assembled systems. In addition, cooperation with various fields, such
as robotics, information technology, and medical science, will lead to real application
as soft actuators.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the experimental supports provided by Prof.
Hiroshi Miyasaka, Prof. Kenji Kamada, Prof. Kenji Katayama, Dr. Hikaru Sotome, Dr. Masayasu
Muramatsu, and students at Chuo University, especially Kiyohide Takado, Kyohei Kawasaki,
Shota Sasaki, and Ken Minagawa. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers
JP15H01095, JP16H04157, JP17H05271, JP17K19161, JP18H04524, JP18K14286, JP26107002,
JP26107004, JP26870592.
References
1. Ikeda T, Mamiya J, Yu Y (2007) Photomechanics of liquid-crystalline elastomers and other
polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:506–528
2. Ikeda T, Ube T (2011) Photomobile polymer materials: from nano to macro. Mater Today
14:480–487
3. Ube T, Ikeda T (2014) Photomobile polymer materials with crosslinked liquid-crystalline
structures: molecular design, fabrication, and functions. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:10290–10299
4. White TJ, Broer DJ (2015) Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer
networks and elastomers. Nat Mater 14:1087–1098
5. White TJ (2017) Photomechanical materials, composites, and systems: wireless transduction
of light into work. Wiley Inc, Hoboken, NJ
6. Ube T, Ikeda T (2019) Photomobile polymer materials with complex 3D deformation,
continuous motions, self-regulation, and enhanced processability. Adv Opt Mater 7:1900380
7. Ikeda T (2003) Photomodulation of liquid crystal orientations for photonic applications. J Mater
Chem 13:2037–2057
8. Hartley GS (1937) The cis-form of azobenzene. Nature 140:281
9. Tazuke S, Kurihara S, Ikeda T (1987) Amplified image recording in liquid-crystal media by
means of photochemically triggered phase-transition. Chem Lett 16:911–914
10. Ikeda T, Tsutsumi O (1995) Optical switching and image storage by means of azobenzene
liquid-crystal films. Science 268:1873–1875
11. Warner M, Terentjev EM (2003) Liquid crystal elastomers. Oxford University Press, Oxford,
UK
12. Ohm C, Brehmer M, Zentel R (2010) Liquid crystalline elastomers as actuators and sensors.
Adv Mater 22:3366–3387
13. Küpfer J, Finkelmann H (1991) Nematic liquid single-crystal elastomers. Makromol Chem
Rapid Commun 12:717–726
14. Wermter H, Finkelmann H (2001) Liquid crystalline elastomers as artificial muscles.
e-Polymers 1:111–123
15. Broer DJ, Finkelmann H, Kondo K (1988) In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquidcrystalline acrylate. Makromol Chem 189:185–194
16. Broer DJ, Mol GN, Challa G (1989) In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquidcrystalline acrylate, 2. Makromol Chem 190:19–30
17. Broer DJ, Boven J, Mol GN, Challa G (1989) In-situ photopolymerization of oriented liquidcrystalline acrylates, 3. Oriented polymer networks from a mesogenic diacrylate. Makromol
Chem 190:2255–2268
T. Ube and T. Ikeda
is a good example of photosynergetic effects. Further improvement of these systems
will be made possible by applying novel photochromic molecules, photochemical
processes, and assembled systems. In addition, cooperation with various fields, such
as robotics, information technology, and medical science, will lead to real application
as soft actuators.
Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the experimental supports provided by Prof.
Hiroshi Miyasaka, Prof. Kenji Kamada, Prof. Kenji Katayama, Dr. Hikaru Sotome, Dr. Masayasu
Muramatsu, and students at Chuo University, especially Kiyohide Takado, Kyohei Kawasaki,
Shota Sasaki, and Ken Minagawa. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers
JP15H01095, JP16H04157, JP17H05271, JP17K19161, JP18H04524, JP18K14286, JP26107002,
JP26107004, JP26870592.
References
1. Ikeda T, Mamiya J, Yu Y (2007) Photomechanics of liquid-crystalline elastomers and other
polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed 46:506–528
2. Ikeda T, Ube T (2011) Photomobile polymer materials: from nano to macro. Mater Today
14:480–487
3. Ube T, Ikeda T (2014) Photomobile polymer materials with crosslinked liquid-crystalline
structures: molecular design, fabrication, and functions. Angew Chem Int Ed 53:10290–10299
4. White TJ, Broer DJ (2015) Programmable and adaptive mechanics with liquid crystal polymer
networks and elastomers. Nat Mater 14:1087–1098
5. White TJ (2017) Photomechanical materials, composites, and systems: wireless transduction
of light into work. Wiley Inc, Hoboken, NJ
6. Ube T, Ikeda T (2019) Photomobile polymer materials with complex 3D deformation,
continuous motions, self-regulation, and enhanced processability. Adv Opt Mater 7:1900380
7. Ikeda T (2003) Photomodulation of liquid crystal orientations for photonic applications. J Mater
Chem 13:2037–2057
8. Hartley GS (1937) The cis-form of azobenzene. Nature 140:281
9. Tazuke S, Kurihara S, Ikeda T (1987) Amplified image recording in liquid-crystal media by
means of photochemically triggered phase-transition. Chem Lett 16:911–914
10. Ikeda T, Tsutsumi O (1995) Optical switching and image storage by means of azobenzene
liquid-crystal films. Science 268:1873–1875
11. Warner M, Terentjev EM (2003) Liquid crystal elastomers. Oxford University Press, Oxford,
UK
12. Ohm C, Brehmer M, Zentel R (2010) Liquid crystalline elastomers as actuators and sensors.
Adv Mater 22:3366–3387
13. Küpfer J, Finkelmann H (1991) Nematic liquid single-crystal elastomers. Makromol Chem
Rapid Commun 12:717–726
14. Wermter H, Finkelmann H (2001) Liquid crystalline elastomers as artificial muscles.
e-Polymers 1:111–123
15. Broer DJ, Finkelmann H, Kondo K (1988) In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquidcrystalline acrylate. Makromol Chem 189:185–194
16. Broer DJ, Mol GN, Challa G (1989) In-situ photopolymerization of an oriented liquidcrystalline acrylate, 2. Makromol Chem 190:19–30
17. Broer DJ, Boven J, Mol GN, Challa G (1989) In-situ photopolymerization of oriented liquidcrystalline acrylates, 3. Oriented polymer networks from a mesogenic diacrylate. Makromol
Chem 190:2255–2268