399
Index
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), 113,
125–136, 157

feedstock, role of, 132–136

algae, 134–136

biowastes, 132–133

characteristics, 122

lignocellulose, 133–134

HTU process, 136

operating conditions, effects

biomass particle size and heating rates,
130–131

gas and liquid properties, 131

pressure, 128–130

residence time, 128–130

solids concentration, 130–131

temperature, 128–130, 129t

reaction mechanisms, 126–128

reducing gas, effect, 127t

region, 137

Hydrothermal upgrading (HTU) process,
113, 136

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), 188,
190–191, 196

i

Injection well, 96

In situ combustion, 25

In situ hybridization technique, 209

In situ leaching (ISL), 28

Integrated algae pond system (IAPS), 217

Ion transport membranes (ITMs), 52

K
Kick, 336

l
Levulinic acid (LA), 183, 190–191, 194–195
as platform chemicals, 194f
transformation, 192–195
Light water reactor (LWR), 33–34

boiling water reactor, 34–35, 35f

pressurized water reactor, 33,
35–36, 36f

Lignin phenols, 255

Lignocellulose, 133–134

Liquefied natural gas (LNG), 337

Long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), 207

in wastewater, 215–216

Low-temperature shift (LTS) catalysts, 80

m
Maltodextrin, 236

Mash, 241

Methane from gas hydrates, production

commercial applications, 346

computer simulation, 345–346

deposits, types, 333f

depressurization, 340–341

EGHR method, 343–345, 344f

gas exchange, 342–343

importance, reasons, 335f

inhibitor injection, 341–342

phase diagram, 332f

thermal stimulation, 340

Methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), 191,
194–195

Microemulsion flooding process, 23

Mill starch, 238

Molten salt steam gasification reactors,
84–86, 85f

iron, Atgas, 86

Kellogg–Pullman, 84–86

Monofunctional groups, 172–173, 175f
Multi-step sequential batch two-phase
anaerobic composting (MUSTAC)
process, 216

Municipal solid waste (MSW), 64–67,
117, 183, 205–206, 222–223, 266,
274–275

n
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL), 194

Natural gas hydrate (NGH), 330

transportation vs., liquefied natural
gas, 337

Nuclear power
commercial operation, 34t
reactors. see Nuclear reactors (water-based)
water, role, 33–37
Nuclear reactors (water-based)
boiling water reactor, 34–35
graphite-moderated, direct cycle
(boiling water) pressure tube
reactor (RBMK), 37

light water reactor, 33–34

pressurized heavy water reactor, 36–37

pressurized water reactor, 35–36

supercritical water-cooled reactor, 37

O
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), 29

Obligate hydrogen-producing acetogens
(OHPAs), 216

Ocean current technologies, 389

Ocean Renewable Power Company (ORPC), 378

Beta TidGen TM power system, 378

cross-flow turbine, 378f