398
Index
Gas hydrates (Continued )
EGHR method, 343–345
gas exchange, 342–343
inhibitor injection, 341–342
phase diagram, 332f
thermal stimulation, 340
molecular structures, 330f
offshore oil/gas operations, 335–337
drilling, 335–336
enhanced recovery, production, 336–337
transportation vs., liquefied natural
gas, 337
stability fields, 331f
Gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), 338
GASTEC, 88
Geopressurized zones, 21–22
Geothermal energy, recovery
capacity, 38t
electricity, coproduction, 42–43
enhanced geothermal system, 41–42, 42f, 43t
hydrothermal process, 37–43
methods, 39f–40f
Geysers, 40
Gibbs reactor, 315
Glucoamylase, 236
Glycol, 341
Grain (corn) ethanol
byproducts and coproducts, 237
environmental implications, 237
and product separation, purification, 236–237
starch hydrolysis, 236
yeast fermentation, 236
Grape sugar, 239
Graphite-moderated, direct cycle (boiling water)
pressure tube reactor (RBMK), 37
Greenhouse gas (GHG), 119, 143, 205,
216–217, 361
h
H-5 and H-7 cycle, 316
Haber process, 79
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC)
systems, 43
Hemicellulase, 249
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 123
High-pressure electrolysis (HPE) process,
299–300
High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) process,
298–299
High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor
(HTGR), 299
High-temperature shift (HTS)
catalysts, 79
reactor, 66–67
Homocellulose, 276
Hot dry rock, 41
Hot slurry primary and secondary
liquefaction, 240
Hot water injection, 25
Hybrid hydrolysis fermentation (HHF)
process, 253
Hydraulic retention time (HRT), 209, 215
Hydrochar, 117–119, 121–124
Hydroelectric power by water dams, 361–367
advantages, 364
conventional, 363, 363f
disadvantages, 365
environment issues, 365–366
other methods, 364
plants facilities, size and capacities,
366–367
micro, 366–367
pico, 367
small, 366
producers, 362t
projects, 362t
pumped storage, 363
Hydrogen, 2
adsorption, inhibition by, 51
Hydro Green Energy, 383
Hydrokinetic energy and power generation
devices, 371–382
barges, 380–381
choice and location, criteria, 381–382
conversion, 371
harness tidal, 379–380
rotating, 376–379, 377f, 378f
wave energy converters, 372
growth and cost, 389–390
hydroelectricity vs., 369–371
and marine, projections, 389, 390f
purpose, 367–369
Hydrolysis process, 185–191, 247–251
cellulose, mechanism, 250–251
for lignocellulose, types
acid/chemical, 247–248
enzymatic, 248–250
prehydrolysis, dilute acid, 245
rapid steam, 245
starch, 236
HYDROSOL, 311
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process,
117–125, 157
considerations, 125
dry pyrolysis, comparison, 118f, 122–123
operating conditions, effects, 121–122
pressure facilitates, raise, 122
product characteristics and usages, 123–125
reaction mechanisms, 119–120
Hydrothermal convection systems, 38
Hydrothermal gasification (HTG), 113, 136–137,
157, 272
catalysts, 137–139
Index
Gas hydrates (Continued )
EGHR method, 343–345
gas exchange, 342–343
inhibitor injection, 341–342
phase diagram, 332f
thermal stimulation, 340
molecular structures, 330f
offshore oil/gas operations, 335–337
drilling, 335–336
enhanced recovery, production, 336–337
transportation vs., liquefied natural
gas, 337
stability fields, 331f
Gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ), 338
GASTEC, 88
Geopressurized zones, 21–22
Geothermal energy, recovery
capacity, 38t
electricity, coproduction, 42–43
enhanced geothermal system, 41–42, 42f, 43t
hydrothermal process, 37–43
methods, 39f–40f
Geysers, 40
Gibbs reactor, 315
Glucoamylase, 236
Glycol, 341
Grain (corn) ethanol
byproducts and coproducts, 237
environmental implications, 237
and product separation, purification, 236–237
starch hydrolysis, 236
yeast fermentation, 236
Grape sugar, 239
Graphite-moderated, direct cycle (boiling water)
pressure tube reactor (RBMK), 37
Greenhouse gas (GHG), 119, 143, 205,
216–217, 361
h
H-5 and H-7 cycle, 316
Haber process, 79
Heating, ventilation, and airconditioning (HVAC)
systems, 43
Hemicellulase, 249
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 123
High-pressure electrolysis (HPE) process,
299–300
High-temperature electrolysis (HTE) process,
298–299
High-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor
(HTGR), 299
High-temperature shift (HTS)
catalysts, 79
reactor, 66–67
Homocellulose, 276
Hot dry rock, 41
Hot slurry primary and secondary
liquefaction, 240
Hot water injection, 25
Hybrid hydrolysis fermentation (HHF)
process, 253
Hydraulic retention time (HRT), 209, 215
Hydrochar, 117–119, 121–124
Hydroelectric power by water dams, 361–367
advantages, 364
conventional, 363, 363f
disadvantages, 365
environment issues, 365–366
other methods, 364
plants facilities, size and capacities,
366–367
micro, 366–367
pico, 367
small, 366
producers, 362t
projects, 362t
pumped storage, 363
Hydrogen, 2
adsorption, inhibition by, 51
Hydro Green Energy, 383
Hydrokinetic energy and power generation
devices, 371–382
barges, 380–381
choice and location, criteria, 381–382
conversion, 371
harness tidal, 379–380
rotating, 376–379, 377f, 378f
wave energy converters, 372
growth and cost, 389–390
hydroelectricity vs., 369–371
and marine, projections, 389, 390f
purpose, 367–369
Hydrolysis process, 185–191, 247–251
cellulose, mechanism, 250–251
for lignocellulose, types
acid/chemical, 247–248
enzymatic, 248–250
prehydrolysis, dilute acid, 245
rapid steam, 245
starch, 236
HYDROSOL, 311
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process,
117–125, 157
considerations, 125
dry pyrolysis, comparison, 118f, 122–123
operating conditions, effects, 121–122
pressure facilitates, raise, 122
product characteristics and usages, 123–125
reaction mechanisms, 119–120
Hydrothermal convection systems, 38
Hydrothermal gasification (HTG), 113, 136–137,
157, 272
catalysts, 137–139