4
Water for Energy and Fuel Production
taBle 1.2
Growth in energy demand Projections for OeCd and some non-OeCd
Countries (1990–2040)
Country
energy demand (Quadrillion Btu’s) and Growth
1990
2015
2040
Growth (1990–2040) (%)
OECD countries
189
225
224
18.5
Non-OECD countries
171
315
469
174
China
33
105
138
318
India
13
35
61
369
Latin America
15
29
45
200
Middle East
11
30
51
364
Africa
17
29
62
265
Russia/Caspian
57
43
43
−24.6
Source: ExxonMobil, “The outlook for energy: A view to 2040,” US Edition, ExxonMobil Report,
ExxonMobil, Irving, Tx, 2012. With permission.
Note: The numbers in this table are best calculations/estimations from the graphical and tabulated data
reported in the EMR.
projected growth will be due to (1) an increase in population, particularly
in India and Africa, (2) increased demands for electricity in poor countries, and (3) increased industrial and transportation activities because of
increased gross domestic product (GDP) and improved quality of life in
these countries. Non-OECD countries will largely contribute to the total
growth in energy demand in the world.
3. The growth in end-use demand in sectors and regions during the period
1990–2040 along with the growth in the CO 2 emissions is illustrated
in Table 1.3 [1]. These results again show that energy demand in each
sector (residential/commercial, industrial, and transportation) will significantly go up in non-OECD (except Russia) countries, whereas it will
either increase moderately or go down in OECD countries. The energy
demand in Russia will go down in every sector. The increased demand
in non-OECD countries is for the same reasons outlined above. The largest growth across the world will be in electricity demand. In fact, the
report predicts that in 2040, electricity demand will be about 40% of the
total energy consumption in the world. OECD countries will focus on
energy efficiency and environmental issues. Carbon dioxide emission in
OECD countries will go down, whereas this will significantly go up in
non-OECD countries. In 2040, 70% of the total CO 2 emission will be
generated by non-OECD countries and the three major sources for CO 2
emissions will be industrial, transportation, and electricity [1]. While
energy-related CO 2 emission per capita will go down in the United States
and Europe, it will go up in India.
Water for Energy and Fuel Production
taBle 1.2
Growth in energy demand Projections for OeCd and some non-OeCd
Countries (1990–2040)
Country
energy demand (Quadrillion Btu’s) and Growth
1990
2015
2040
Growth (1990–2040) (%)
OECD countries
189
225
224
18.5
Non-OECD countries
171
315
469
174
China
33
105
138
318
India
13
35
61
369
Latin America
15
29
45
200
Middle East
11
30
51
364
Africa
17
29
62
265
Russia/Caspian
57
43
43
−24.6
Source: ExxonMobil, “The outlook for energy: A view to 2040,” US Edition, ExxonMobil Report,
ExxonMobil, Irving, Tx, 2012. With permission.
Note: The numbers in this table are best calculations/estimations from the graphical and tabulated data
reported in the EMR.
projected growth will be due to (1) an increase in population, particularly
in India and Africa, (2) increased demands for electricity in poor countries, and (3) increased industrial and transportation activities because of
increased gross domestic product (GDP) and improved quality of life in
these countries. Non-OECD countries will largely contribute to the total
growth in energy demand in the world.
3. The growth in end-use demand in sectors and regions during the period
1990–2040 along with the growth in the CO 2 emissions is illustrated
in Table 1.3 [1]. These results again show that energy demand in each
sector (residential/commercial, industrial, and transportation) will significantly go up in non-OECD (except Russia) countries, whereas it will
either increase moderately or go down in OECD countries. The energy
demand in Russia will go down in every sector. The increased demand
in non-OECD countries is for the same reasons outlined above. The largest growth across the world will be in electricity demand. In fact, the
report predicts that in 2040, electricity demand will be about 40% of the
total energy consumption in the world. OECD countries will focus on
energy efficiency and environmental issues. Carbon dioxide emission in
OECD countries will go down, whereas this will significantly go up in
non-OECD countries. In 2040, 70% of the total CO 2 emission will be
generated by non-OECD countries and the three major sources for CO 2
emissions will be industrial, transportation, and electricity [1]. While
energy-related CO 2 emission per capita will go down in the United States
and Europe, it will go up in India.