5
Introduction
taBle 1.3
Growth in end-Use demand and CO 2 emissions in sectors and regions
(1990–2040; 50-year span)
sector
Growth (1990–2040) (%)
region
na
europe russia/Caspian
africa
asia/Pacific
la
middle east
Residential/
33.3
17.6
−33
214
90
100
800
commercial
Transport
24
36
−17
350
36
225
266
Industrial
6.6
−12
−25
183
225
200
300
electricity
Demand
18.2
56
20
800
614
600
500
CO 2 emission −7
−27
−41
343
226
186
271
Source: ExxonMobil, “The outlook for energy: A view to 2040,” US Edition, ExxonMobil Report,
ExxonMobil, Irving, Tx, 2012. With permission.
Note: The numbers are calculated from the tabulated and graphical data presented in the EMR.
LA, Latin America; NA, North America.
Other important changes will also occur in the energy landscape over the next
30 years. More shift from hydrocarbon-based energy to non-hydrocarbon-based
energy supply will occur. The use of hydrogen for energy will become more prominent. R&D efforts to produce hydrogen from water and other sources using novel
techniques will increase. The efforts to use “solar fuels” will become more prominent. As mentioned earlier, the renewable energy will play a larger role in the
energy portfolio. In short, energy economy will become less and less dependent
on the hydrocarbon industry. The EMR also gives more details on other factors
such as the nature of transportation fuel, the nature of vehicle use, and their energy
consumptions [1].
1.2 the theme and OUtline OF the BOOK
While the world is craving for more sources of energy and fuels, one source of
energy that is most abundant and environmentally acceptable is water. Water in all
its forms (i.e., subcritical, supercritical, steam, heavy water) is the most important
solvent in the development of new “energy economy.” Four-fifths of the earth’s surface is covered with water, which plays a very significant role in the generation of
various forms of energy and fuels. The premise of this book is that water is essential
not only for human health and environment but also for the development of a broadbased “energy economy.”
The central theme of this book is to illustrate that as energy and fuel industries
diversify, we are transitioning from predominantly oil- and fossil fuel-based economies to the economy where water plays a more and more important role in the supply of energy and fuels. The book shows that water contributes to the production of
Introduction
taBle 1.3
Growth in end-Use demand and CO 2 emissions in sectors and regions
(1990–2040; 50-year span)
sector
Growth (1990–2040) (%)
region
na
europe russia/Caspian
africa
asia/Pacific
la
middle east
Residential/
33.3
17.6
−33
214
90
100
800
commercial
Transport
24
36
−17
350
36
225
266
Industrial
6.6
−12
−25
183
225
200
300
electricity
Demand
18.2
56
20
800
614
600
500
CO 2 emission −7
−27
−41
343
226
186
271
Source: ExxonMobil, “The outlook for energy: A view to 2040,” US Edition, ExxonMobil Report,
ExxonMobil, Irving, Tx, 2012. With permission.
Note: The numbers are calculated from the tabulated and graphical data presented in the EMR.
LA, Latin America; NA, North America.
Other important changes will also occur in the energy landscape over the next
30 years. More shift from hydrocarbon-based energy to non-hydrocarbon-based
energy supply will occur. The use of hydrogen for energy will become more prominent. R&D efforts to produce hydrogen from water and other sources using novel
techniques will increase. The efforts to use “solar fuels” will become more prominent. As mentioned earlier, the renewable energy will play a larger role in the
energy portfolio. In short, energy economy will become less and less dependent
on the hydrocarbon industry. The EMR also gives more details on other factors
such as the nature of transportation fuel, the nature of vehicle use, and their energy
consumptions [1].
1.2 the theme and OUtline OF the BOOK
While the world is craving for more sources of energy and fuels, one source of
energy that is most abundant and environmentally acceptable is water. Water in all
its forms (i.e., subcritical, supercritical, steam, heavy water) is the most important
solvent in the development of new “energy economy.” Four-fifths of the earth’s surface is covered with water, which plays a very significant role in the generation of
various forms of energy and fuels. The premise of this book is that water is essential
not only for human health and environment but also for the development of a broadbased “energy economy.”
The central theme of this book is to illustrate that as energy and fuel industries
diversify, we are transitioning from predominantly oil- and fossil fuel-based economies to the economy where water plays a more and more important role in the supply of energy and fuels. The book shows that water contributes to the production of