Diesel
and
gasoline
oxygenates
Heating
oils
Plant
growth
enhancer
Soil
amenders
Natural
nontoxic
pesticides
“Drop-in”
hydrocarbons
Alternative
fuels and energy
Agriculture
NREL
Noncorrosive
three-step
Hydrogen
road salt
carrier
Hydrogenation
synthesis
process
NO x reducers
Diphenolic
acid and
Levulinic acid
Heat transfer
nanotech
Formic acid
brines
polymers
Lignin/char
Formic acid
MTHF
Ketals
Monomers,
Lactones
Esters
plasticizers, and
Succinic acid
Industrial
solvents
Pyrrolidones
carbons
Biofine two-stage
Acrylics
high-temperature
Electric
Nylon
dilute acid
power
hydrolysis process
Biomass
To by pr od uc t re co ve ry
Bi of in e
re ac to rs
Re cy cl e ac id
Re cy cl e ac id
st ri pp in g So lv en t
st rip pi ng
Le vu lin ic ac id
pr od uc t st or ag e
Le vu lin ic ac id
re co ve ry
Ta r re sid ua l
T o
r e c o v e r y
C h a r c a k e t o b o il e r
H P s te a m fr o m b o il e r
Fi ni sh in g
Fe ed st oc k
Ex tr ac tio n
Co ol er
Feedstock
Hydrolysis
Recovery
Purification
FIGURE 7.4 A complete process flow diagram of the Biofine process. (From Fitzpatrick, S.
and Nace, P., “Biofine Technology, LLC: Renewable chemicals and biofuels,” Paper presented
for Sustainable Bioplastics Council of Maine, 2012. With permission.)
FIGURE 7.5 Biorefinery products “family tree.” (From Fitzpatrick, S. and Nace, P., “Biofine
Technology, LLC: Renewable chemicals and biofuels,” Paper presented for Sustainable
Bioplastics Council of Maine, 2012. With permission.)