Time t/s
Pressure p/MPa
Volume V/L
Volume
Pressure
Fig. 12.16 Gas pressure,
volume–time curve of
high-pressure accumulator in
rising stage
Time t/s
Displacement y/m
Velocity
v/(m s)
Displacement
Velocity
Fig. 12.17 Displacement,
velocity–time curve of
hammer in descending stage
Time t/s
Acceleration
v/(m/s
2
)
Strike energy E/(kN
m)
Acceleration
Strike energy
Fig. 12.18 Acceleration and
strike energy–time curve of
hammer in descending stage
Time t/s
Pressure p/MPa
Velocity v/(m
s)
Volume
Pressure
Fig. 12.19 Pressure,
volume–time curve of
nitrogen chamber of hydraulic
cylinder in descending stage
12.3 Mathematical Model of High-Speed Pneumatic–Hydraulic Composite Hammer
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