Biodiesel
71
TABLe 3.8
Biodiesel Specification EN 14214
Property
Flash point (°C)(closed cup), min
Water content, max, mg/kg
Sulfated ash (mass %), max.
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C (cSt)
Density, kg/m 3
Cetane number, min
Acid number (mg KOH/g), max
Iodine number
Copper strip corrosion, max
Free glycerin (mass %)
Total glycerin (mass %)
Phosphorus content (% mass), max
Total contamination, max, mg/kg
Methanol content, % max
Oxidation stability, hours
Ester content, min, %
Test Method
ISO 3679
12937
EN ISO 3987
EN 3104
EN 3675
EN ISO 5165
EN ISO 14104
EN ISO 14111
EN ISO 2160
EN ISO 14105
EN ISO 14105
EN ISO 14107
EN ISO 12662
EN ISO 14110
EN ISO 14112
EN 14103
EN 14214
120
500
0.02
3.5–5.0
860–890
51
0.5
120
1
0.02
0.25
10
24
0.2
6
96.5
Source: EN 14214. European standard. European committee for
standardization, 2002.
performance, emissions, and durability by academic institutes, automotive industries, and oil companies. These studies reported that biodiesel
blends or biodiesel-fueled engines could reduce the exhaust emissions
remarkably.
3.6.1 engine Performance and emission Studies
Engine performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption were studied by many researchers and engineers. The observations of these studies were found to be similar. A typical study conducted
on a naturally aspirated diesel engine using rubber seed oil methyl esters
follows. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine observed to be increased
with an increase in applied load. This is due to the reduction in heat loss
and increase in power developed with increase in load. The maximum brake
thermal efficiency obtained is about 28% for B10, which is higher than that of
diesel (25%). At a lower percentage concentration of biodiesel, brake thermal
efficiency of the engine is improved (Figure 3.14). This is due to the additional lubricity provided by the biodiesel. The molecules of biodiesel (i.e.,
methyl esters of the oil) contain some amount of oxygen, which takes part
in the combustion process. However, at the higher percentage concentration
of biodiesel, the brake thermal efficiency decreases as a function in concentration of blend. This lower brake thermal efficiency was obtained for B100,
71
TABLe 3.8
Biodiesel Specification EN 14214
Property
Flash point (°C)(closed cup), min
Water content, max, mg/kg
Sulfated ash (mass %), max.
Kinematic viscosity at 40°C (cSt)
Density, kg/m 3
Cetane number, min
Acid number (mg KOH/g), max
Iodine number
Copper strip corrosion, max
Free glycerin (mass %)
Total glycerin (mass %)
Phosphorus content (% mass), max
Total contamination, max, mg/kg
Methanol content, % max
Oxidation stability, hours
Ester content, min, %
Test Method
ISO 3679
12937
EN ISO 3987
EN 3104
EN 3675
EN ISO 5165
EN ISO 14104
EN ISO 14111
EN ISO 2160
EN ISO 14105
EN ISO 14105
EN ISO 14107
EN ISO 12662
EN ISO 14110
EN ISO 14112
EN 14103
EN 14214
120
500
0.02
3.5–5.0
860–890
51
0.5
120
1
0.02
0.25
10
24
0.2
6
96.5
Source: EN 14214. European standard. European committee for
standardization, 2002.
performance, emissions, and durability by academic institutes, automotive industries, and oil companies. These studies reported that biodiesel
blends or biodiesel-fueled engines could reduce the exhaust emissions
remarkably.
3.6.1 engine Performance and emission Studies
Engine performance parameters such as thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption were studied by many researchers and engineers. The observations of these studies were found to be similar. A typical study conducted
on a naturally aspirated diesel engine using rubber seed oil methyl esters
follows. Brake thermal efficiency of the engine observed to be increased
with an increase in applied load. This is due to the reduction in heat loss
and increase in power developed with increase in load. The maximum brake
thermal efficiency obtained is about 28% for B10, which is higher than that of
diesel (25%). At a lower percentage concentration of biodiesel, brake thermal
efficiency of the engine is improved (Figure 3.14). This is due to the additional lubricity provided by the biodiesel. The molecules of biodiesel (i.e.,
methyl esters of the oil) contain some amount of oxygen, which takes part
in the combustion process. However, at the higher percentage concentration
of biodiesel, the brake thermal efficiency decreases as a function in concentration of blend. This lower brake thermal efficiency was obtained for B100,