Index
439
Methanol, 10–11
autoignition temperature of, 96
benefits and challenges, 120
causes, 121
CNG and LPG, 121
production technologies, 121
biodegradation, 94–95
biodiesel production ingredient, 83
breakdowns of uses for, 92
capacity growth, 90
diesel blends, 83
as alternative fuel, 83
combination rate, 84
high-latent heat of vaporization
of, 83
potential of, 82
RVP, 83
use of, 83
and diesel fuel, properties, 94–95
disadvantage of, 96
DME
DMC, 84
LNG and LPG, 84
MTBE, 84
two-step process, 84
economics studies, 89
fire hazard, 92
fuel cell fuel
DMFC, 85
and gasoline properties of, 93
global market in, 89
M85, 92
market analysis, 90
metabolism, rate for
in human body, 94
price development of, 91
production via synthesis gas, 85
carbon-containing materials
use, 86
Claus process, 87
from coal, 87
direct oxidation, 87
dry reforming processes, 87
gas mixture, 87
mixed natural gas and water
vapor, 86
natural gas, 86
steam reforming reaction, 86
sulfur recovery, 87
synthesis reaction, 86–87
WGS reaction, 86, 88
yield water and elemental sulfur,
87–88
released in environment, 93–94
from renewable resources
biomass, 88–89
carbon source, 89
partial oxidation, 88
reaction, 89
safety aspects, 91–92
spray penetration
ambient density, effect of, 97–98
nozzle diameter, effect of, 98
opening pressure, effect, 97
and tip velocity, 96–97
studies, 94
and tip velocity, 96
toxicity of, 94
in vapor phase, 94
Methanol-containing additive
(MCA), 104
Methanol production
dimethyl ether, for, 175–182
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), 10,
84, 130
Microemulsification, 26, 28
Microemulsion fuel, 154
Micro hybrid vehicle
battery voltage, 366
conventional generator and ISG, 365
features, 365–366
Middle East countries
petroleum resources in, 3–4
Mild hybrid vehicle
battery voltage, 366
ISG, 366
Mileage accumulation
Al concentration on, 37
Cr concentration on, 37
Fe concentration on, 36
Pb concentration on, 38
Molten carbonate fuel cells
(MCFC), 265
MON, see Motor octane number (MON)
Motor controllers in EVs
accelerator pedal, 311–312
AC controller
pseudo-sine waves, 312
439
Methanol, 10–11
autoignition temperature of, 96
benefits and challenges, 120
causes, 121
CNG and LPG, 121
production technologies, 121
biodegradation, 94–95
biodiesel production ingredient, 83
breakdowns of uses for, 92
capacity growth, 90
diesel blends, 83
as alternative fuel, 83
combination rate, 84
high-latent heat of vaporization
of, 83
potential of, 82
RVP, 83
use of, 83
and diesel fuel, properties, 94–95
disadvantage of, 96
DME
DMC, 84
LNG and LPG, 84
MTBE, 84
two-step process, 84
economics studies, 89
fire hazard, 92
fuel cell fuel
DMFC, 85
and gasoline properties of, 93
global market in, 89
M85, 92
market analysis, 90
metabolism, rate for
in human body, 94
price development of, 91
production via synthesis gas, 85
carbon-containing materials
use, 86
Claus process, 87
from coal, 87
direct oxidation, 87
dry reforming processes, 87
gas mixture, 87
mixed natural gas and water
vapor, 86
natural gas, 86
steam reforming reaction, 86
sulfur recovery, 87
synthesis reaction, 86–87
WGS reaction, 86, 88
yield water and elemental sulfur,
87–88
released in environment, 93–94
from renewable resources
biomass, 88–89
carbon source, 89
partial oxidation, 88
reaction, 89
safety aspects, 91–92
spray penetration
ambient density, effect of, 97–98
nozzle diameter, effect of, 98
opening pressure, effect, 97
and tip velocity, 96–97
studies, 94
and tip velocity, 96
toxicity of, 94
in vapor phase, 94
Methanol-containing additive
(MCA), 104
Methanol production
dimethyl ether, for, 175–182
Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), 10,
84, 130
Microemulsification, 26, 28
Microemulsion fuel, 154
Micro hybrid vehicle
battery voltage, 366
conventional generator and ISG, 365
features, 365–366
Middle East countries
petroleum resources in, 3–4
Mild hybrid vehicle
battery voltage, 366
ISG, 366
Mileage accumulation
Al concentration on, 37
Cr concentration on, 37
Fe concentration on, 36
Pb concentration on, 38
Molten carbonate fuel cells
(MCFC), 265
MON, see Motor octane number (MON)
Motor controllers in EVs
accelerator pedal, 311–312
AC controller
pseudo-sine waves, 312